Assertion. The analogous organ to the vermiform appendix in herbivorous mammals is quite helpful in digesting cellulose. But it is considered a vestigial organ in humans.

Reason. Vermiform appendix is a wide worm-like tubular structure, projecting from the blind part of the colon (a part of large intestine). Its function is the same as that of the colon, i.e., absorption of water and some remnants of digested food.

1. Both A and R are True
2. Both A and R are False
3. A is True and R is False.
4. A is False and R is True.

Assertion. The theory of natural selection, proposed by Charles Darwin, is a fundamental mechanism driving human evolution.

Reason. Natural selection operates through the preservation of favourable variations that enhance an organism's ability to survive and reproduce, leading to the gradual adaptation of populations to their environments over time.

1. Both A and R are True
2. Both A and R are False
3. A is True and R is False.
4. A is False and R is True.

The range of cranial capacities in the following ancestral forms were

(a) Australopithecus

(b) Homo habilis

(c) Homo erectus

(d) Cro-magnon

(e) Homo sapiens sapiens

Mention the two principles through which Lamarck explained his ideas.