Explain the term Excretion.

State the difference between Nephron and Neuron.

Give any two characteristic features of a Cro-Magnon man.

A farmer cultivates a unique species of tomato plants. The two traits selected for breeding were: Colour of the fruits and height of the plants. The farmer initially crosses a homozygous tall plant bearing red fruits (TTRR) with a dwarf plant bearing yellow fruits (ttrr) and the genotype of all the offsprings of the F₁ generation was TtRr. Next, he crosses two F₁ generation plants (TtRr).

(a) Explain the phenotype of the offsprings of the F₁ generation obtained from the initial cross.

(b) Mention the phenotypic ratio of the F₂ generation offsprings.

(c) State Mendel's Law of Independent Assortment.