Name any four heart-related conditions that occur commonly in humans. Briefly explain the cause and symptoms of each of them.

The four heart related conditions common to humans along with their cause and symptoms are given below:

1. Palpitations — When the heart beats too hard or too fast or sometimes even skips a beat, it is called Palpitations. Palpitations are often caused due to stress or anxiety. Sometimes, certain types of food may also cause Palpitations.
2. Hypertension — This is a condition that occurs when blood flows through the blood vessels with a force greater than normal. This is also called High Blood Pressure. Hypertension can also strain the heart, damage blood vessels and increase the risk of heart attack or stroke.
3. Heart attack — A heart attack is a sudden interruption of blood supply to the heart. It usually occurs due to a blood clot that prevents the flow of oxygen rich blood to the cardiac muscle. As, a result a part of the cardiac muscle dies and causes a permanent damage to the heart. Some common symptoms of a heart attack include uncomfortable pressure, tightness or squeezing pain in the centre of the chest, discomfort or pain spreading beyond the chest to the shoulders, neck, jaw, teeth or one or both arms, shortness of breath , dizziness, sweating and nausea.
4. Cardiac Arrest — A cardiac arrest occurs when the heart suddenly stops pumping blood around the body. In cardiac arrest, a person suddenly loses consciousness and stops breathing or may have abnormal breathing. Some people experience chest pain, shortness of breath, or nausea before a cardiac arrest occurs. zgThe common cause of cardiac arrest is coronary artery disease wherein the walls of the arteries thicken as a result of fat or plaque deposition. Less common causes include major blood loss, lack of oxygen, low potassium levels, heart failure and intense physical exercise.