Assertion (A): In many respects, respiration and photosynthesis in plants are distinctly opposite processes.

Reason (R): In photosynthesis, food is oxidised; whereas in respiration, food is manufactured.

1. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
2. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
3. A is true but R is false.
4. A is false but R is true.

Assertion (A): Lenticels are the openings found on the surface of roots.

Reason (R): Lenticels help in the diffusion of gases.

1. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
2. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
3. A is true but R is false.
4. A is false but R is true.

While helping his mother trim the garden shrubs, Adarsh noticed tiny white dots on the stem of a guava plant. Curious, he gently scratched the bark and saw the spots remained unchanged, unlike normal tissue. Later during his biology class, he understood that these pores are respiratory structures. His biology teacher explained that plants do not have lungs like us but they also respire with the help of pores present on the stem as well as on the surfaces of leaves.

(a) What are these special pores found on the surface of stems and on the surface of leaves called ?

(b) Are the main steps of respiration in plants similar to that in humans ?

(c) Name the cell organelle which is mainly involved in the production of energy.

(d) Which surface of the leaves contains more number of these respiratory pores and how is it advantageous to the plants ?

(e) Write two more significant processes which occur through these respiratory pores found on the surface of leaves.