The history of map-making is given below. Number the events in the sequence in which they took place.

• Gerardus Mercator was the first to draw a world map in 1538.
• Modern map-making was started by the ancient Greeks. Ptolemy in the second century CE was the first to make a collection of maps called Geographia.
• Remote Sensing was introduced in the 1970s. It led to the development of Geographic Information System or GIS.
• Later, the first modern atlas Theatrum Orbis Terrarum was published in 1570.
• The history of maps dates back to 4,500 years. During that time maps were pictorial and were drawn without any scale or accuracy.
• During the Medieval period, the Arab geographers excelled in map-making.
• The earliest known map, that is still preserved, is in the form of a small baked clay tablet. It was made in about 2300 BCE and shows a part of Babylonia (present-day Iraq).
• The introduction of aerial photography in the nineteenth century started a new phase in landform surveys which enhanced map-making.

The network of parallels and meridians on a map is called a …………… .

Mention three ways to represent scale on a map.

In R.F., the (numerator/denominator) represents the ground distance.