In a piano, pitch is decreased by:

1. using thicker string
2. increasing tension
3. reducing length of string
4. striking it hard

By reducing the amplitude of the sound wave, its :

1. pitch decreases
2. loudness decreases
3. loudness increases
4. pitch increases

Assertion (A) : To make a shrill sound in a flute, holes are opened.

Reason (R) : The holes are opened to increase the length of the vibrating air column.

1. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
2. Both A and R are true and R is not the correct explanation of A
3. Assertion is true but reason is false
4. Assertion is false but reason is true

Assertion (A) : Loudness and quality of sound are independent of each other.

Reason (R) : Loudness depends on amplitude while quality of sound depends on the waveform of sound.

1. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
2. Both A and R are true and R is not the correct explanation of A
3. Assertion is true but reason is false
4. Assertion is false but reason is true