History & Civics
The President of India works on the advice of the Prime Minister and his Cabinet. With reference to the Prime Minister, answer the following questions:
(i) Mention any three qualifications required for a person to be elected as the President of India.
(ii) Mention any three types of emergencies that can be declared by the President.
(iii) Mention any four legislative powers of the President.
Answer
(i) A person shall be eligible for election as Vice-President, if he -
- is a citizen of India.
- has completed the age of thirty-five.
- is qualified for election as a member of the Council of States.
(ii) Three types of emergencies that can be declared by the President are:
- National or General Emergency — The President can proclaim National Emergency if there is a danger of foreign aggression, civil war, insurgency or any other such cause.
- Breakdown of Constitutional Machinery — If the President, on receipt of a report from the Governor or otherwise, is satisfied that the governance of a State cannot be carried on in accordance with the provisions of the Constitution, he/she may declare an emergency in the State. This is called President's rule because the President may assume to himself all or any of the functions of the Government of the State.
- Financial Emergency — The President can proclaim Financial Emergency if there is a setback to the financial stability or credit feasibility of the country.
(iii) Four legislative powers of the President are-
- Addresses Sessions of Parliament — The President addresses both Houses of Parliament assembled together for the first session after each General Election to the Lok Sabha and at the commencement of the first session of each year. In this address he lays emphasis on the internal and external policies of the Government. The President has the power to address either House of Parliament or their joint sitting at any time.
- Messages to Parliament — He has the power to send messages to either House of Parliament either in the regard to any pending Bill or to any other matter.
- Dissolve the Lok Sabha — He can dissolve the Lok Sabha and order fresh elections. Rajya Sabha is a permanent body, not subject to dissolution.
- Nomination of Members — The President nominates 12 members to the Rajya Sabha from among persons having special knowledge or practical experience in these matters-literature, science, art and social service.
Related Questions
In India, the Supreme Court can exercise advisory jurisdiction under Article 143 of the Constitution. With regard to the President, these opinions are purely advisory.
Mention any two points about the Supreme Court that you can deduce from the passage.
India has a parliamentary system of governance. With reference to the Indian Parliament, answer the following questions:
(i) State any three ways in which the legislature controls the executive.
(ii) How and by whom is the Speaker of the Lok Sabha elected?
(iii) Mention any four financial powers of the Parliament.
The High Courts and Subordinate Courts are part of the integrated judicial system. With reference to the statement, answer the following questions:
(i) Mention three cases which fall under the Original Jurisdiction of the High Court.
(ii) Who appoints the High Court Judges? Mention any two qualifications required for a person to be appointed as a High Court Judge.
(iii) (a) How do Lok Adalats help the Superior Courts?
(b) Name any three writs issued by the High Court.Read the excerpt given below and answer the questions that follow:
The Indian Rebellion of 1857, also known as the Indian Mutiny, the Sepoy Mutiny, or the First War of Indian Independence, was a widespread uprising against British rule in India that began in May 1857. The rebellion was sparked by the sepoys' mutiny in Meerut on May 10, 1857, and quickly spread to other parts of India. On May 10, 1857, Indian soldiers, known as sepoys, rebelled against their British officers in the town of Meerut, triggering a rebellion. The rebellion quickly spread to other parts of India with many Indian princes and soldiers joining the uprising.
— [Edited] TIMESOFINDIA.COM / May 10, 2023
(i) What was the immediate cause for the rebellion?
(ii) Mention any three political causes of the Revolt.
(iii) Mention any four changes made in the army after the Revolt.