Read the following excerpt and answer the questions that follow:

"The social, political, religious and cultural forces that we refer to as the Renaissance was first evident in continental Europe and began to be felt in England only about the end of the fifteenth century. Perhaps the most important of these forces in the continent and in England was the spread of the new humanist learning and ideology especially among the upper classes." (Source: https://egyankosh.ac.in/bitstream/123456789/22151/1/Unit-8.pdf)

(a) What were the main driving forces behind the Renaissance movement?

(b) How did the Renaissance contribute to the intellectual and artistic development of Europe?

(c) How did humanism influence the Renaissance?

(a) The main driving force behind the Renaissance was the spread of new humanist learning and ideology.

(b) The Renaissance introduced new social, political, religious, and cultural forces that influenced Europe. The spread of humanist ideas encouraged new ways of thinking and learning, which contributed significantly to growth in art, literature, and science.

(c) Humanism was the key ideology behind the Renaissance. It spread and promoted a new focus on human-centered learning, encouraging a break from medieval ages thoughts and way of thinking.