What were the reasons behind the Khilafat and Non-Cooperation Movements?

The Khilafat and Non-Cooperation Movements arose due to growing Indian anger against the British.

1. The Khilafat Movement started because Turkey was defeated in World War I and the powers of the Khalifa, considered the religious head of all Muslims, were curtailed, which upset Indian Muslims. Leaders like the Ali Brothers, Abul Kalam Azad, and Hasrat Mohani organized the movement to urge the British to undo the injustice done to Turkey.
2. Mahatma Gandhi saw it as an opportunity to unite Hindus and Muslims and joined the movement. The Non-Cooperation Movement followed as a broader response, aiming to boycott British institutions, goods, and government services and refuse taxes, as a way of not cooperating with British rule until swaraj was achieved.