History & Civics
With reference to the Rise of Fascism in Italy, explain the following :
(a) What were the factors responsible for the rise of Fascism in Italy?
(b) Describe a decisive action taken by Mussolini with the aim of making Italy a colonial power.
Rise of Dictatorships
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Answer
(a) There were many factors responsible for the rise of Fascism in Italy.
- Discontentment after the Treaty of Versailles : Italy could get only Southern Tyrol and Trentino, and the Coastal Regions of Dalmatia. She could get no part of the German and Turkish colonial empire.
- Economic Crisis : Due to the expenses of World War I, Italy's national debt increased manifold, and people had to suffer for basic necessities like food and grains.
- Weak Government and Political Instability : The people were greatly distressed due to the weak policies and inefficiency of the government, which was incapable of solving their problems. Since no single party could gain clear majority in the elections, there was complete instability after 1918.
- Activities of the Socialists : The Socialists intensified tensions with their revolutionary ideas, while the Communists plotted to overthrow the government. Amid growing lawlessness and insecurity, people sought a strong party to restore peace and prosperity.
- Failure of the League of Nations : The League of Nations, which was established to maintain peace in the world, failed to check the rise of Dictatorship in Germany and Italy.
(b) Mussolini wanted to revive the glory of the Old Roman Empire. Italy adopted an aggressive policy and captured Abyssinia and Albania, with the aim of making Italy a colonial power.
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