Chemistry
State how you would obtain:
(i) hydrogen
(ii) nitric oxide
(iii) nascent chlorine – from nitric acid.
State the concentration of nitric acid used in each case.
Nitric Acid
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Answer
(i) Cold, very dilute (1%) nitric acid reacts with metals like Mg and Mn to give hydrogen
Mg + 2HNO3 [cold, very dil.] ⟶ Mg(NO3)2 + H2 [g]
(ii) Dilute nitric acid reacts with metals like Cu, Ag to give nitric oxide (NO).
3Cu + 8HNO3 [dil.] ⟶ 3Cu(NO3)2 + 4H2O + 2NO
(iii) Aqua Regia which is a mixture of conc. nitric acid [1 part] + conc. hydrochloric acid [3 parts] [by volume] liberates nascent chlorine by oxidising hydrochloric acid to chlorine.
HNO3 (conc.) + 3HCl (conc.) ⟶ 2H2O + NOCl + 2[Cl]
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