State the causes of hardness in water.
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Substances that cause hardness in water are Calcium and magnesium salts. e.g., Calcium and magnesium - bicarbonates, sulphates and chlorides.
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Conc. H2SO4 acts as a 'drying agent' & a 'dehydrating agent'. Explain and differentiate the words in italics.
Explain the meaning of the terms – hard water & soft water.
Give two natural sources of hard water.
Differentiate between temporary hard water & permanent hard water.