State two positive and two negative effects of the Industrial Revolution.

Two positive effects of the Industrial Revolution are:

1. The domestic system of production was replaced by the factory system which enabled production in huge quantity for increasing population.
2. It led to the establishment of many towns and cities. People migrated from rural areas to urban areas for employment, education, cultural benefits and enjoyment.

Two negative effects of the Industrial Revolution are:

1. It led to ruthless exploitation of workers in factories. They were forced to work 12-15 hours. Women and children in large numbers were employed in factories as their labour was cheaper than men. Sometimes, all the workers were dismissed unjustly and arbitrarily.
2. It gave rise to capitalism. A few individuals in society became capitalists, accumulated huge wealth, power and prestige. On the other hand, it created a class of workers living in poverty depending entirely on their capitalist employers for bread.