Assertion (A): Cretinism is a condition which affects adults causing dwarfism and mental retardation.

Reason (R): Cretinism is a kind of hypothyroidism. This disease occurs due to the defective development, or early atrophy (degeneration), of the thyroid.

1. Both A and R are True
2. Both A and R are False
3. A is True and R is False.
4. A is False and R is True.

Assertion (A): The placenta is a vital organ during pregnancy, responsible for providing nutrients and oxygen to the developing foetus.

Reason (R): The placenta develops from the fusion of the zygote and the endometrial lining, forming a specialized tissue structure that facilitates the exchange of substances between the maternal and foetal bloodstreams.

1. Both A and R are True
2. Both A and R are False
3. A is True and R is False.
4. A is False and R is True.

Assertion (A): Prostate gland pours an alkaline secretion which neutralizes the acidic pH of the vagina.

Reason (R): Prostate gland is a lobulated gland located between the posterior surface of the urinary bladder and the rectum.

1. Both A and R are True
2. Both A and R are False
3. A is True and R is False.
4. A is False and R is True.

Assertion (A): Fertilization of the ovum and sperm occurs in the sperm duct of the female reproductive system.

Reason (R): Vas deferens carries sperms from the epididymis to the urethra of the male reproductive system.

1. Both A and R are True
2. Both A and R are False
3. A is True and R is False.
4. A is False and R is True.