Study the pictures given below. State how pollution be reduced.

(i)

(ii)

(i) The given picture depicts the scene of a Traffic Jam, indicating towards Vehicular Air Pollution. It can be reduced in the following ways:

1. Carpooling helps in reducing traffic jams and decreasing fuel consumption, resulting in lesser emissions.
2. Promotion of Public Transport — Reduces number of private vehicles on the road.
3. Use of CNG and LPG instead of petrol and diesel as they are cleaner fuels compared to the latter.
4. Regular vehicle maintenance to ensure emission levels are at acceptable levels.
5. Short distances can be covered by walking or by bicycle.
6. Use of electric vehicles to cut down exhaust emissions.

(ii) The given picture shows industrial water pollution caused by untreated or poorly treated wastewater being discharged from a factory into a nearby water body. It can be reduced in the following ways:

1. Industries must install and properly operate Effluent Treatment Plants (ETPs) to treat wastewater before releasing it into natural water bodies.
2. Government authorities must regularly monitor factory emissions and enforce pollution control norms.
3. Factories should adopt methods to reuse treated water in their own processes to reduce waste discharge.
4. Planting trees and creating vegetation buffers around industrial sites can help absorb pollutants and reduce runoff.
5. Use of cleaner, eco-friendly production techniques reduces pollutant generation at the source.