The farming which involves cultivation of single agricultural crop over large tracts of land or estates is …………… .

1. Subsistence agriculture
2. Commercial agriculture
3. Plantation farming
4. Mixed farming

Assertion (A): India has the largest irrigated area of cultivated land.

Reason (R): The failure of monsoon or too much rainfall leads to crop failure.

1. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
2. Both A and R are true but R does not explain A.
3. A is true but R is false.
4. A is false but R is true.

Farmers narrate the story of what years of intensive commercial cultivation and over-extraction of nutrients by unsuitable crops has done to their natural resource base. Around 25 years ago, their farm soil was teeming with life — from earthworms to beetles. Now there are no signs of life. The farmers belong to which state?

1. Bihar
2. Kerala
3. Punjab
4. Rajasthan

Around 2014-15, a farmer got yields of 95 quintals and 70 quintals per ha in paddy and wheat respectively. Today, with the same quantity of chemical fertilisers, the average yield of paddy and wheat from one ha is 85 quintals and 65 quintals respectively. What has led to the decline in yield?

1. Soil depletion
2. Government policies
3. Irrigation facilities
4. Seed quality