Given alongside are diagrams of a certain category of blood vessels showing the role of a special structure in their walls. Study the figure and answer the questions that follow.

(a) Name the kind of blood vessels shown in the figure. What are its branches termed as ?

(b) Name the structure shown inside the blood vessels. Write its important role.

(c) What kind of blood flows through these blood vessels normally? Name the blood vessel which carries blood from the heart to the lungs.

(d) Name a similar kind of blood vessel which is related to the liver and kidney.

(e) Draw a neat and labelled diagram of the transverse section of the blood vessel shown above showing the three layers of its wall and lumen.

Given below is a diagram of the external features of the human heart. Study the figure and answer the questions that follows :

(a) Label the guidelines shown as 1 to 6 in the figure.

(b) Write the important role of parts 5 and 6.

(c) Name the chamber of the heart which collects blood from the lungs through a blood vessel. Also write the name of the blood vessel.

(d) Write one structural and one functional difference between the blood vessels 4 and 5.

(e) What happens when there is a blockage in any coronary artery or any of their branches?

Reema was cutting vegetables in the kitchen while talking on the phone. Distracted, she accidentally cut her finger. However, she noticed that the bleeding did not stop quickly and she had to be rushed to a nearby doctor's clinic. The doctor explained that this could happen due to several conditions which interfere with the process of blood clotting.

(a) Name one mineral element that is essential for blood clotting.

(b) Which of the following is not a cause of delayed blood clotting ?

(i) Low platelet count
(ii) Deficiency of vitamin K
(iii) Haemophilia
(iv) Having Rh negative blood group

(c) Which blood cells are directly involved in blood clotting and what is their role?

Rohit's mother is suffering from hypertension. She goes to the nursing home to check her blood pressure regularly. Answer the following questions:

(a) Name the instrument used to measure blood pressure.

(b) What is the normal value of blood pressure for an adult person ?

(c) Which of the values is usually higher (systolic/ diastolic) ?