History & Civics
Using the following points, explain the Montagu-Chelmsford Reforms :
(a) Any two causes of their passage.
(b) The system of dyarchy introduced in the provinces.
Mahatma Gandhi
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Answer
(a) Two causes which led to the passage of the Montagu-Chelmsford Reforms are:
- The Government was forced to adopt a policy of appeasement towards the nationalists, as they needed the support of Indians during the World War I.
- Due to the signing of the Lucknow Pact and the unification of all factions, the Government had no excuse for delaying political or Constitutional reforms.
(b) The system of dyarchy was introduced in the provinces. Under this system, the subjects to be dealt with by the Provincial Government were divided into two parts —
- reserved subjects, and
- transferred subjects.
The reserved subjects, such as finance, law and order, irrigation, etc., were administered by the Governor with the help of the Executive Council nominated by him. The transferred subjects such as education, public health, agriculture, etc., were administered by the Governor with the help of Council of Ministers chosen by him from among the elected members of the Legislature. They were responsible both to the Governor and the Legislature. The Governor was however, not bound by their advice.
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