What do you observe when the following substances are heated and then tested with moist blue and red litmus paper?

(a) Sulphur

(b) Phosphorus

(c) Calcium

(d) Magnesium

(a) Sulphur burns with a bright bluish flame, giving pungent smell of sulphur dioxide and it turns moist blue litmus paper red.

(b) Phosphorus burns with a dazzling flame producing dense white fumes of phosphorus pentoxide and it turns moist blue litmus paper red.

(c) Calcium burns with a bright brick red flame forming a white solid and it turns moist red litmus paper blue.

(d) Magnesium burns with a bright dazzling light forming white powder of magnesium oxide and it turns moist red litmus paper blue.