Physics
What is a solar cell? State two uses of solar cells. State whether a solar cell produces a.c. or d.c. Give one disadvantage of using a solar cell.
Heat Energy
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Answer
Solar cell — The device which converts solar energy directly into electricity is called solar cell.
Uses of solar cells are as follows —
- A large number of solar cells are arranged over a large area to form a solar panel. They are made to collect a large amount of solar energy to produce sufficient electricity.
- Small solar cells are used in watches and calculators.
A solar cell produces d.c. electricity which cannot be used for many household purposes.
One disadvantage of solar cell is that the initial cost of a solar cell is sufficiently high.
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What do you mean by degradation of energy? Explain it by taking two examples of your daily life.
Assertion (A) : Fishes survive in ponds even when the atmospheric temperature is below 0°C.
Reason (R) : The anomalous expansion of water helps in preserving aquatic life.
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- both A and R are true and R is not the correct explanation of A
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A scientific research team records temperature data of a freshwater lake in the Himalayas during winter. Three thermometers A, B, and C are used, where A is calibrated in the Celsius scale, B in the Fahrenheit scale, and C in the Kelvin scale.
On a particular night, when the surface water of the lake freezes, the recorded temperatures are :
A ⟶ 0 °C, B ⟶ 32 °F, C ⟶ 273 K
Next morning, the air temperature increases slightly, but the ice on the surface of the lake does not melt immediately.
(a) What happens to the fish present in the lake when the surface of the lake freezes?
(b) If the temperature of water at the bottom of the lake is measured, what would be the readings on thermometers A, B, and C?
(c) Why does the ice formed on the surface of the lake not sink?
(d) Why does the ice on the lake take time to melt even after the air temperature rises above 0 °C?
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(c) "Energy is conserved, so using fossil fuels or renewable sources makes no difference."
Is this statement scientifically correct? Give reason.
(d) Give physics-based reasons to explain which city will have long-term energy sustainability.