Assertion (A): The lava and ash deposited during an eruption breaks down to provide valuable nutrients for the soil and thus create fertile soil.

Reason (R): Agricultural fields are covered with layers of volcanic ash and dust making them unsuitable for cultivation.

1. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
2. Both A and R are true but R does not explain A.
3. A is true but R is false.
4. A is false but R is true.

The area marked brown colour on the map given above is referred to as the Pacific Ring of Fire. Why is it so called?

What is the difference between magma and lava?

Give one example each of an active volcano and a dormant volcano.