Chemistry
What is permutit method, how can it be used for softening hard water ?
Water
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Answer
Permutit is an artificial zeolite. Chemically, it is hydrated sodium aluminium orthosilicate, having the formula Na2Al2Si2O8.XH2O. For the sake of convenience, let us give it the formula Na2P.
A tall cylinder is loosely filled with lumps of permutit. When hard water containing calcium and magnesium ions percolates through these lumps, exchange of ions takes place. The sodium permutit is slowly changed into calcium and magnesium permutit, and with the removal of calcium and magnesium ions, the water become soft.
When no longer active, the permutit is regenerated by running a concentrated solution of brine over it and removing the calcium chloride formed by repeated washing.
CaP + 2NaCl ⟶ Na2P + CaI2
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