History & Civics
With reference to Democracy and Elections, answer the following questions:
(a) Distinguish between two types of elections.
(b) What type of elections are direct and what type are indirect in a Parliamentary Democracy?
(c) How are the elections of the President and Vice-President of India held? Give reasons to support your answer.
Elections
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Answer
(a) Below are the differences between the two types of elections:
| Sl. No. | Direct Election | Indirect Election |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | People vote directly for their representatives. | People elect their representatives indirectly through their elected representatives. |
| 2 | Law regulates the qualifications, age, etc. of voters and establishes eligibility requirements for State officials. | All elected representatives are treated at par. There are no further qualifications. |
| 3 | Every adult person holds the right to vote. | Every elected representative holds the right to vote. |
| 4 | There is a very large body of voters called the Electorate. | There is a very small body of voters. |
| 5 | Members of Legislative Assemblies and Members of Lok Sabha are elected directly. | The Members of State Legislative Councils, Members of Rajya Sabha, the President of India and the Vice President are elected indirectly. |
(b) Election of Legislative Assemblies and Lok Sabha are direct and the election of State Legislative Councils, Rajya Sabha, the President of India and the Vice President are indirect in a Parliamentary Democracy.
(c) The President of India is elected indirectly by the members of an Electoral college consisting of the elected members of both the houses of Parliament and the elected members of the Legislative Assemblies of the States including National Capital Territory of Delhi and Union Territory of Pondicherry. The election takes place in accordance with the system of proportional representation by means of a single transferable vote. Like the President, the election of the Vice-President is also indirect. The Vice-President is elected by members of both Houses of Parliament. In this election, the State Legislatures do not take part.
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