With reference to the consequences of Second World War, explain briefly:

(a) Defeat of Axis Powers and Division of Germany

(b) Effect of World War II on Japan

(a) Defeat of Axis Powers and Division of Germany — The War resulted in the overthrow of the Fascist and Nazi dictatorships. German, Italian and the Japanese dictatorial regimes surrendered to the Allies.

1. The Allies occupied Germany and it was partitioned into four Zones to be administered by Britain, France, United States and the Soviet Union (Russia).
2. In 1948 Britain, France and the United States agreed to merge the three Zones under their control to form the Federal Republic of Germany (FRG) with Bonn as its Capital. In 1949 the Soviet Zone covering the Eastern part of Germany formed the German Democratic Republic (GDR) with East Berlin as its Capital.
3. The Two Germanys came under the influence of two different ideologies. GDR emerged as a Communist State and FRG had a liberal Democratic System.
4. The City of Berlin had also been divided into West Berlin and the East Berlin.

(b) Effect of World War II on Japan — Japan was brought under the control of the American General Mac Arthur. The Japanese emperor henceforth acted as a constitutional Monarch. By 1949 American control ended and with the help of America Japan made rapid growth economically.