History & Civics
With reference to the Mughal Empire, explain briefly the significance of the following:
(a) Ain-i-Akbari
(b) Taj Mahal
(c) Red Fort
Mughal Empire
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Answer
(a) Ain-i-Akbari — Ain-i-Akbari was a part of a large project of history writing commissioned by Akbar. Written by Abul Fazl, it is regarded as a precious source material for knowing the administration and culture during the reign of Akbar. The Ain-i-Akbari is divided into five books. The first book deals with the imperial household. The second book deals with the servants of the emperor, military and civil services. The third book deals with the imperial administration. It consists of the regulations for the judicial and executive departments, and the division of empire. The fourth book contains information about Hindu philosophy, science, social customs and literature. The fifth book contains the wise sayings of Akbar. It also contains an account of the ancestry and biography of the author, Abul Fazl.
(b) Taj Mahal — It was built by Shah Jahan in memory of his beloved wife Mumtaz Mahal. It is mausoleum of both of them. It is built at Agra on the banks of the river Yamuna. It was designed by Ustad Isha Khan. It is made up of pure white marble. The main structure is constructed on a high platform. On each corner of this platform there is a minaret. The central dome rises to the height of 56.1 metres. The interior has an octagonal chamber with an inverted lotus ceiling. The actual graves are in lower chamber, underground. The walls of the entire structure are decorated with floral designs. The Taj Mahal brought together all the architectural forms developed by the Mughals like massive domes of marble, pietra dura (method of decoration) and kiosks (chhatris).
(c) Red Fort — The Red Fort was built by Shah Jahan on the bank of river Yamuna. Red sandstone and marble was used in its construction. The fort has massive walls and two gateways. The Western Gateway is known as the Lahori Gate. This gate was used for the emperor's ceremonial purposes. The campus has some impressive buildings like Diwan-i-Aam, Diwan-i-Khas and Moti Masjid. The Diwan-i-Khas is lavishly ornamented hall where the Peacock Throne was placed. The hall was used by the emperor to give audience to the princes of the royal family, nobles and other important dignitaries. The red fort is an important historical monument.
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