With reference to the powers of the President of India briefly explain the following:

(a) Any four Executive Powers

(b) Any two Judicial Powers

(c) Any two Military Powers

(a) Four executive powers of the President of India are-

1. Head of the Union Executive — All executive orders are issued in the name of the President.
2. Formation of the Council of Ministers — The Constitution lays down that the Prime Minister is to be appointed by the President and the other Ministers are appointed by the President on the advice of the Prime Minister. It is the duty of the Prime Minister to communicate to the President all decisions of the Council of Ministers.
3. Administration of Union Territories — The Constitution provides that every Union Territory shall be administered by the President. The President acts through an Administrator with such designation as the President may specify.
4. Control over State Governments — The Union Government may give necessary directions to a State. During President's rule the control of the Union Government over States is complete.

(b) Two judicial powers of the President of India are-

1. The President is not answerable to any Court for the exercise of the powers and duties of his office.
2. No criminal proceedings shall be instituted against the President in any Court during the term of office.

(c) Two military powers of the President of India are-

1. The President is the Supreme Commander of the Defence Forces of India. However, the President is required to exercise this power in accordance with the laws made by Parliament.
2. The President has the power as to declarations of War and Peace. The Parliament is competent to give directions to the President as to the exercise of such powers.