Biology
With the help of a suitable diagram, describe the structure and function of a neuron.
Nervous System
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Answer
A neuron is made up of two main parts —
- A main cell body called Cyton
- A long process called Axon
The cell body contains a nucleus. The dendrites are cytoplasmic extensions of the cell body. From the cell body arises one long process called the axon. Its length may vary from a few millimetres to 1 metre. The end of the axon terminates in a number of branched filaments called terminal branches.
The function of a neuron is to receive messages (impulses) from the organs and transmit them through the cell body into the axon which transmits the message. Message is relayed from one neuron to the other through the synapse which is a small junction used for communication between two neurons.
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Related Questions
With the help of a suitable example, describe reflex action.
Briefly differentiate between the following by giving examples:
Voluntary and involuntary action.
Briefly differentiate between the following by giving examples:
Inborn and acquired reflexes.
Christopher was cycling downhill at a good speed when a cat suddenly came in front of him out of nowhere. Before he could even think, he hit the brake and stopped just in time. No harm was done to the cat. Later he wondered how his body reacted so quickly even though he didn't make a conscious decision.
(a) What is the term used for such an immediate, automatic action?
(b) Which part of the central nervous system controls this action?
(c) Which major organ of the nervous system is not involved in such actions?
(d) Enlist the correct pathway of the action through which Christopher's body responded so quickly.