History & Civics
Write in brief the causes that led to the downfall of the Mughal empire.
Mughal Empire
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Answer
The decline of the Mughal empire was caused by several key factors:
- Weak Successors: After Aurangzeb’s death in 1707, his successors lacked administrative skill and were controlled by powerful nobles, leading to the fragmentation of the empire.
- Rivalry Among Nobles: Constant power struggles between different noble groups created political instability and hindered effective governance.
- Weak Administration: The jagirdari and mansabdari systems became ineffective due to the indiscriminate distribution of land, draining the treasury. The central authority weakened, reducing military efficiency.
- Invasions of Nadir Shah and Ahmad Shah Abdali: Foreign invasions, especially by Nadir Shah in 1739 and Ahmad Shah Abdali, devastated the empire, with Nadir Shah looting the Kohinoor Diamond and the Peacock Throne.
- Wars of Succession: Wars for succession drained resources and caused political instability.
- Aurangzeb’s Policies: His religious intolerance and costly military campaigns, especially against the Marathas and Sikhs, weakened both the economy and administration.
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