Write a short note on Non-cooperation Movement.

The Non-Cooperation Movement was launched by the Khilafat Committee on 31 August 1920 under the leadership of Mahatma Gandhi and supported by the Congress. It aimed to not co-operate with the British government through renunciation of titles, boycott of legislatures, resigning from government jobs, lawyers leaving courts, students leaving schools and colleges, and boycott of British goods. People also refused to pay taxes, rejecting the legitimacy of the government.

The movement gained momentum and involved a large part of the population, spreading across India and fostering Hindu-Muslim unity. However, after the Chauri Chaura incident (5 February 1922), where protesters killed 22 policemen, Gandhi called off the movement and was arrested.

The movement transformed the freedom struggle into a mass movement, boosted self-confidence and self-esteem, and brought urban Muslims into the nationalist cause.