Write the equations for the following reactions:

(a) Calcium carbide and water.

(b) Ethene and water (steam).

(c) Bromoethane and an aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide.

(a) Water is added to calcium carbide:

$\underset{\text{calcium carbide}}{\text{CaC}$2} + \underset{\text{water}}{2\text{H}2\text{O}} \longrightarrow \underset{\text{ethyne [acetylene]}}{\text{C}2\text{H}2} + \underset{\text{calcium hydroxide}}{\text{Ca(OH)}_2}

(b) Ethene and water (steam).

$\underset{\text{ ethene}}{\text{C}$2\text{H}4} + \text{H}2\text{O} \xrightarrow[300\degree\text{C, 60 atm.}]{\text{H}3\text{PO}4} \underset{\text{ethene}}{\text{C}2\text{H}_5\text{OH}}

(c) Bromoethane and an aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide.

$\underset{\text{ Bromoethane [ethyl bromide]}}{\text{C}$2\text{H}5\text{-Br}} + \underset{\text{ aqueous}}{\text{NaOH}} \xrightarrow{\text{boil}} \underset{ \text{ethanol}} {\text{C}2\text{H}5\text{OH}} + \text{NaBr}