With reference to the given picture, answer the following questions.
Identify the person.
- Madan Mohan Malaviya
- Bipin Chandra Pal
- Satyapal
- Raja Rammohan Roy
Answer
Bipin Chandra Pal
With reference to the given picture, answer the following questions.
He was one of the main architects of the ............... along with Sri Aurobindo.
- Swadeshi Movement
- Civil Disobedience Movement
- Non-Cooperation Movement
- Quit India Movement
Answer
Swadeshi Movement
With reference to the given picture, answer the following questions.
He is known as the ............... in India.
- Father of Politics
- Father of Indian National Congress
- Father of Revolutionary Thought
- Father of Indian Nationalism
Answer
Father of Revolutionary Thought
Who among the following was deported to Mandalay in 1907?
- Bipin Chandra Pal
- Lala Hardayal
- Chandrashekhar Azad
- Lala Lajpat Rai
Answer
Lala Lajpat Rai
Which of the following leaders was the forerunner of Mahatma Gandhi in many ways?
- B.C. Pal
- Aurobindo Ghosh
- Bal Gangadhar Tilak
- Lala Lajpat Rai
Answer
Bal Gangadhar Tilak
Whose death unleashed hectic revolutionary activity in Punjab and elsewhere?
- B.G. Tilak's
- Lala Lajpat Rai's
- B.C. Pal's
- All of these
Answer
Lala Lajpat Rai's
In the question given below, there are two statements marked as Assertion (A) and Reason (R). Read the statements and choose the correct option.
- Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are correct and Reason (R) is the correct explanation of Assertion (A).
- Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are correct but Reason (R) is not the correct explanation of Assertion (A).
- Assertion (A) is true, but Reason (B) is false.
- Assertion (A) is false, but Reason (R) is true.
Assertion (A) : Lala Lajpat Rai dead was even more dangerous than Lajpat Rai alive.
Reason (R) : His death unleashed hectic revolutionary activity which culminated in the execution of Bhagat Singh, Rajguru and Sukhdev.
Answer
Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are correct and Reason (R) is the correct explanation of Assertion (A).
Identify the methods of political strategy of the Radical Nationalists.
P : They popularised the ideas of Swadeshi and organised bonfire of foreign goods.
Q : They emphasised on the boycott of foreign goods.
R : They believed in violent revolution to overthrow the British.
S : They had full faith in the British sense of justice and fair play.
- P and Q
- Q and R
- P and R
- R and S
Answer
P and Q
Read the two statements given below regarding the contribution of Bipin Chandra Pal and select the correct relationship between (A) and (B).
(A) Sri Aurobindo referred to him as one of the mightiest prophets of nationalism.
(B) He popularised swadeshi, boycott and national education.
- (B) contradicts (A)
- (B) is the reason for (A)
- (A) is true but (B) is false
- (A) and (B) are independent of each other
Answer
(A) and (B) are independent of each other
A college student named Varun is doing a project on the Radical Nationalist era of the freedom struggle. About whose contribution is Varun most likely to write about?
- G.K. Gokhale
- Mahatma Gandhi
- Lal-Bal-Pal
- Bal Gangadhar Tilak
Answer
Lal-Bal-Pal
Tilak : Gita Rahasya : : Lala Lajpat Rai : ?
- Vande Mataram
- Young India
- Unhappy India
- The People
Answer
Unhappy India
Who among the following annulled the Partition of Bengal?
- Lord Hardinge
- Lord Reading
- Lord Irwin
- Lord Minto
Answer
Lord Hardinge
First time during which movement "Bande Mataram" became the popular song of people?
- Non-Cooperation Movement
- Civil Disobedience Movement
- Swadeshi and Boycott Movement
- Quit India Movement
Answer
Swadeshi and Boycott Movement
Lord Curzon partitioned Bengal into two provinces apparently on
- social grounds
- administrative grounds
- caste grounds
- political grounds
Answer
administrative grounds
The province of Eastern Bengal was dominated by the
- Bengali Muslims
- Bengali Hindus
- Bengali Christians
- Bengali Buddhists
Answer
Bengali Muslims
The Indian Universities Act of ............... imposed strict official control over the Indian universities because Lord Curzon considered them as the centres of nationalism.
- 1901
- 1902
- 1899
- 1904
Answer
1904
The British officials relied on the policy of 'Divide and Rule' to weaken the
- Nationalist Movement
- Education system
- Social Development
- Agricultural Development
Answer
Nationalist Movement
Who among the following composed the patriotic song, 'Amar Sonar Bangla' (My Golden Bengal)?
- D.E. Wacha
- Romesh Chander Dutt
- Lal Mohan Ghose
- Rabindranath Tagore
Answer
Rabindranath Tagore
The song 'Bande Mataram' was composed by
- Ashutosh Mukherjee
- Bankim Chandra Chatterjee
- Hem Chandra Bandopadhyaya
- Rabindranath Tagore
Answer
Bankim Chandra Chatterjee
The Swadeshi and the Boycott Movement was the outcome of
- Morley-Minto Reform
- Partition of Bengal
- Jallianwala Bagh Massacre
- Birth of Indian National Congress
Answer
Partition of Bengal
In the question given below, there are two statements marked as Assertion (A) and Reason (R). Read the statements and choose the correct option.
- Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are correct and Reason (R) is the correct explanation of Assertion (A).
- Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are correct but Reason (R) is not the correct explanation of Assertion (A).
- Assertion (A) is true, but Reason (R) is false.
- Assertion (A) is false, but Reason (R) is true.
Assertion (A) : Lord Curzon partitioned Bengal in 1905.
Reason (R) : Bengal was too big a province to be administered efficiently by one provincial government.
Answer
Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are correct but Reason (R) is not the correct explanation of Assertion (A).
Explanation — Lord Curzon partitioned Bengal in 1905. The reason he gave to the Congress leaders was that Bengal was too large a province to be administered efficiently by a single provincial government. However, the real reason behind the partition was to destroy the solidarity of Bengali nationalism.
Read the two statements regarding the significance of the Swadeshi and Boycott Movement. Select the correct relationship between (A) and (B).
(A) The movement encouraged the use of Swadeshi goods, provided a fillip to local industries and national education.
(B) The movement led Gandhiji to launch the Non-Cooperation Movement.
- (B) contradicts (A)
- (B) is the reason for (A)
- (A) is true but (B) is false
- (A) and (B) are independent of each other
Answer
(A) and (B) are independent of each other
Identify the reasons for the Surat Split in 1907.
P : Both the groups within the Congress began to oppose vehemently the policy and programmes of each other.
Q : The list of subjects to be discussed at the Surat session did not include resolution on Swaraj, Swadeshi, boycott and national education.
R : When S.N. Banerjea got up to propose the name of Lala Lajpat Rai as President, he was shouted down by the Radical group.
S : The Radical group proposed the name of Bipin Chandra Pal as the President of the Surat Congress.
- P and Q
- R and S
- Q and R
- P and S
Answer
P and Q
Mr. Gupta is a student doing project on the Surat Split in the Congress. He is most likely to highlight the roles of which of the following leaders.
- S.N. Banerjea and Dr. Ras Behari Ghose
- S.N. Banerjea and Bal Gangadhar Tilak
- Dadabhai Naoroji and Lala Lajpat Rai
- W.C. Bonnerjea and Bipin Chandra Pal
Answer
S.N. Banerjea and Bal Gangadhar Tilak
Name the leaders who constituted the Assertive/Radical Nationalist trio in the early years of the 20th century.
Answer
Bal Gangadhar Tilak, Lajpat Rai and Bipin Chandra Pal constituted the Assertive/Radical Nationalist trio in the early years of the 20th century.
Name any two papers started by Tilak to propagate his faith.
Answer
Tilak started two well-known papers, the Kesari and the Mahratta.
When and by whom was the Partition of Bengal promulgated?
Answer
The Partition of Bengal was promulgated by Lord Curzon, the then Viceroy of India in 1903 and carried out in 1905.
Mention any two principles of Assertive/Radical Nationalists.
Answer
Two principles of the Assertive Nationalists are:
- They believed that, "Freedom is the birth-right of every Indian." They wanted to drive the English out of India and establish a government by the Indians.
- To achieve Swaraj they wanted to follow the policy of massive resistance, vigorous political action and continuous struggle.
Give one difference in the principles of the Assertive/Radical Nationalists and the Early Nationalists.
Answer
One difference in the principles of the Assertive and Early Nationalists is given below:
| Assertive Nationalists | Early Nationalists |
|---|---|
| They believed in breaking the hold of the British imperialism by revolutionary methods. | They believed in adopting constitutional and peaceful methods to achieve their objectives. |
Who was known as Father of Assertive/Radical Nationalism in India?
Answer
Bal Gangadhar Tilak (1856-1920) is known as the Father of Assertive/Radical Nationalism in India.
Name the leader who was deported to Mandalay for six years.
Answer
Bal Gangadhar Tilak was tried for sedition and deported to Mandalay in 1908 for a period of six years.
Who started the Home Rule Movement in 1916?
Answer
Bal Gangadhar Tilak started the Home Rule Movement in 1916.
Of the three Assertive/Radical Nationalist leaders, who was linked with the Arya Samaj Movement?
Answer
Lala Lajpat Rai was an active worker of the Arya Samaj.
In which two ways can Tilak be called the forerunner of Gandhi?
Answer
Tilak was the forerunner of Mahatma Gandhi in many ways:
- Tilak had forestalled Gandhi in all the movements that the Mahatma launched after Tilak's death. No-rent campaign, boycott of Government services, prohibition and Swadeshi were all preached and practised by him.
- He talked of complete independence as early as 1897.
Who was the chief architect of the Partition of Bengal?
Answer
The chief architect of the Partition of Bengal in 1905 was Lord Curzon, who was the Viceroy of India at the time.
When did the Partition of Bengal actually come into effect?
Answer
The Partition of Bengal came into effect on October 16, 1905.
How was 16 October, 1905 observed throughout Bengal?
Answer
The Partition of Bengal became effective from October 16, 1905. The leaders declared it to be "a day of mourning" throughout Bengal. Every city, town and village now rang with the cry of 'Bande Mataram' which symbolised patriotism and unity. The Hindus and Muslims tied Rakhi on one another's wrist as a symbol of brotherhood. They fasted during the day. Mass meetings were held all over Bengal and big crowds took the oath of Swadeshi. The Bengalis rose like one man to resist, to suffer and to sacrifice everything.
Give one effect of the Partition of Bengal on the National Movement.
Answer
One major effect of the Parition of Bengal was the launch of the Swadeshi and Boycott Movement.
Give two reasons for starting the Swadeshi and the Boycott Movements.
Answer
Two reasons for starting the Swadeshi and the Boycott Movements are:
- To protest against the partition of Bengal in 1905.
- To promote economic self-reliance by boycotting British goods and supporting Indian industries.
What do you mean by the terms 'Swadeshi' and 'Boycott'?
Answer
'Swadeshi' means things grown or manufactured in one's own country and 'Boycott' means giving up the use of foreign goods.
Name two political leaders who were arrested by the British Government for taking an active part in the Swadeshi and the Boycott Movement.
Answer
Lala Lajpat Rai and Bal Ganadhar Tilak were arrested by the British Government for actively participating in the Swadeshi and Boycott Movement.
How did this movement affect the Nationalist Movement?
Answer
The Swadeshi and Boycott movement, sparked by the partition of Bengal in 1905, significantly impacted the Indian Nationalist Movement by fostering unity, promoting self-reliance, and laying the groundwork for future struggles against British rule. It broadened participation, introduced new strategies, and fueled a sense of national identity.
How did the Swadeshi and the Boycott Movement hurt the British trade interests?
Answer
The Swadeshi and Boycott movement helped to revive the popularity of the indigenous goods, to boycott foreign goods, to promote Indian industries and to provide employment to craftsmen. Hence, the movement adversely hit the British interests, their trade and industry and gave a new life to the Indian industry.
Using the following points explain the methods of the Assertive/Radical Nationalists:
(a) Boycott
(b) National Education
(c) Passive Ressistance
Answer
(a) Boycott aimed at avoiding the use of British made goods, encouraging indigenous industries and providing job opportunities to the Indians. It also was the most effective weapon for harming British trade in India.
(b) A national scheme of education was planned to replace the government controlled universities and colleges. The Assertive/ Radical Nationalists tried to bring students into their fold. When the government threatened to take disciplinary action, a large number of national schools were set up in East Bengal. Efforts were made to give national orientation to education in vernacular languages.
(c) The Assertive/ Radical Nationalist leaders believed in Passive Resistance i.e. in policy of non-violent yet vigorous political action to achieve their goals. They asked the people to refuse to co-operate with the government and boycott government schools, colleges, courts and services. They advocated courage and a spirit of self sacrifice to achieve Swaraj.
How did the Early Nationalists and the Assertive/Radical Nationalists differ in the following fields?
(a) Their political goals
(b) Attitude towards the British rule
(c) Their method of work
Answer
(a) The difference between Early Nationalists and Assertive Nationalists with respect to their political goals are given below:
| Early Nationalists | Assertive Nationalists |
|---|---|
| They wanted Self-Government and strove for autonomy within the British Empire. | They aimed at Poorna Swaraj or complete freedom which they thought was remedy for all ills. |
(b) The difference between Early Nationalists and Assertive Nationalists with respect to their attitude towards the British rule:
| Early Nationalists | Assertive Nationalists |
|---|---|
| They were loyal to the British Rule and English Crown. They considered British rule a boon for India. | They were not loyal to the British Rule and wanted to uproot it from India. |
| They had full faith in the British sense of justice and fair play. | They had no faith in British sense of justice and fair play. |
(c) The difference between Early Nationalists and Assertive Nationalists with respect to their method of work are given below:
| Early Nationalists | Assertive Nationalists |
|---|---|
| They adopted constitutional and peaceful methods to achieve their objectives. | They believed in breaking the hold of the British imperialism by revolutionary methods. |
| They held meetings, delivered speeches, passed resolutions and submitted appeals and petitions to the government to project their demands. | They believed in launching political agitations, making people self-reliant by national awakening. They opposed policy of political beggary and favoured policy of active resistance. |
| Early Nationalists had full faith in policy of cooperation. | The Radicals believed in non-cooperation, adopted programme of boycott against foreign goods, propagation of Swadeshi and a system of national education. |
| Early Nationalists were in favour of British institutions, ideals and literature. | They believed in supremacy of Indian culture and civilisation, religion and traditions. They wanted to reconstruct Indian society on those models. |
| They had no contact with the masses. Their success depended on the good-will of the Englishmen. | Under their leadership, the movement derived strength from the masses. They believed the people of India were the masters of their destiny. |
The Swadeshi and the Boycott Movement was an important landmark in the history of the National Movement in India. In this context, answer the following questions :
(a) Reasons for starting the Swadeshi and the Boycott Movement.
(b) Leaders of the movement.
(c) Various measures adopted to popularise the Swadeshi goods.
Answer
(a) The people started the Swadeshi and the Boycott Movement in 1905 to counteract the partition of Bengal. The Partition fueled widespread resentment among Indians, who viewed it as a deliberate attempt to divide and weaken the growing nationalist sentiment. The movement aimed to achieve economic self-reliance (Swadeshi) by promoting indigenous industries and boycotting British goods, thereby pressuring the government for political concessions.
(b) The key leaders of the Swadeshi and Boycott Moverment were Bal Gangadhar Tilak, Lala Lajpat Rai, and Bipin Chandra Pal. Other important leaders included Sri Aurobindo Ghose, Surendranath Banerjea, Rabindranath Tagore, K. K. Mitra, Bipin Chandra Pal, Anand Mohan.
(c) To revive the popularity of the indigenous goods, foreign goods were boycotted, to promote Indian industries and to provide employment to craftsmen. Overtime, Indian industries were expanded, and the markets sold Swadeshi products.
With reference to the Surat Split of 1907, explain the following :
(a) Issues on which the two wings of the congress had difference
(b) Exploitation of the situation by the British
(c) Effect of the split on National Movement
Answer
(a) The issues on which the two wings of the Congress had differences of opinion were-
- The Assertive Nationalists wanted to extend the Swadeshi and boycott to the rest of India and make it a vehicle for a full-fledged political mass struggle leading to Swaraj. The Early Nationalists, however, did not approve it for the whole of India and wanted it to be confined to Bengal only. They were also not in favour of adopting assertive means.
- There was also a disagreement over the candidature of the next President. When SN Banerjea got up to propose the name of Dr. Ras Behari Ghose for the presidentship, he was shouted down by the Assertive/ Radical Nationalists. There was utter confusion in the pandal, resulting in clashes between the two groups.
(b) The British exploited the Surat split situation in the following ways:
- Policy of Divide and Rule: The British encouraged the split and used it to pit the Moderates and Radicals against each other, preventing them from presenting a united front.
- Suppression of Radicals: The British government cracked down heavily on the Radicals, arresting and deporting leaders like Bal Gangadhar Tilak and Lala Lajpat Rai.
- Concessions to Moderates: The government appeased the Moderates by offering minor reforms (like the Morley-Minto Reforms of 1909), hoping to keep them away from the militant path.
(c) The Surat Split of 1907 slowed down the momentum of the national movement temporarily, and the disunity led to the weakening of the National movement. The British used the division to their advantage by suppressing the Radicals with force and pacifying the Moderates with minor reforms.
With reference to the picture given, answer the following questions :
(a) Identify and name the person.
(b) Describe his efforts to instil the spirit of patriotism and nationalism in Indians.
(c) Describe the political beliefs and methods he advocated for their achievements.
Answer
(a) The person shown in the given picture is Bal Gangadhar Tilak, an Assertive Nationalist leader.
(b) Bal Gangadhar Tilak greatly contributed to the national movement and instilled the spirit of patriotism and nationalism in Indians.
- He celebrated Ganapati and Shivaji festivals to spread the spirit of patriotism and nationalism among the people.
- He started two well-known papers, the Kesari and the Mahratta. Through them he preached nationalism and taught people to become courageous, self-reliant and selfless fighters for the freedom of the country.
- He organised the Swadeshi and Boycott agitation after the Partition of Bengal.
- He started the Home Rule Movement in 1916. With his ideas and weapons he infused a new life in the National Movement and brought about a change in its character.
- He transformed the freedom struggle into an agitation of millions of the common masses.
(c) The political beliefs and methods advocated by Bal Gangadhar Tilak are given below:
Political beliefs of Bal Gangadhar Tilak
- He aimed at Poorna Swaraj or complete freedom which he believed was remedy for all ills.
- He believed in breaking the hold of the British imperialism by revolutionary methods.
- He believed in launching political agitations, making people self-reliant by national awakening and opposed policy of political beggary.
- He laid great emphasis on self-reliance, self-sacrifice, suffering and hardships.
Political methods of Bal Gangadhar Tilak
- He organised Akharas and Lathi Clubs to make the youth brave and bold and instilled in them the spirit of sacrifice for the freedom of their country.
- He organised the Swadeshi and Boycott agitation after the Partition of Bengal.
- He started the Home Rule Movement in 1916. With his ideas and weapons he infused a new life in the National Movement and brought about a change in its character.
- He transformed the freedom struggle into an agitation of millions of the common masses.
Read the excerpt given below and answer the questions that follow :
On the positive side, the movement gave a stimulus to cottage industries and even large-scale enterprises of various sorts. Swadeshi textile mills, match and soap factories, potteries and tanneries sprouted up everywhere. Acharya P.C. Ray set up his Bengal Chemicals Factory, which became famous in a very short time, Gurudev Tagore himself helped in setting up a Swadesh store. The entire capital of the Tata Iron and Steel Company which had refused all Government and foreign help, was subscribed by Indians within three months. Many zamindars and merchants joined hands with political leaders to found banks and insurance companies. Even steamship concerns were floated.
(a) Which movement is being referred to? What was the reason for it?
(b) Mention any three impacts of the movement.
(c) Describe the aims, objectives and methods of the movement.
Answer
(a) The movement being referred to in the given excerpt is Swadeshi and Boycott Movement. It started in Bengal as a part of the agitation against the partition of Bengal.
(b) Three impacts of the Swadeshi and Boycott Movement are given below:
- Rise of Nationalism — The movement instilled a sense of national pride and unity among Indians. It encouraged people to actively participate in the freedom struggle.
- Promotion of Swadeshi goods and industries — Swadeshi encouraged the growth of Indian industries like textiles, handlooms, and handicrafts. Indians began using the Swadeshi goods and boycotted the foreign products.
- Political awakening and mass participation — For the first time, students, women, and the general public joined the national movement in large numbers, broadening the base of the freedom struggle.
(c) The aims and objectives of the Swadeshi and Boycott Movement are given below:
- To oppose the Partition of Bengal in 1905 (immediate aim), which was seen as an act of 'Divide and Rule'.
- To accelerate the pace of the Freedom Movement and to give it a new dimension and direction.
- To promote the use of Swadeshi goods and boycott foreign goods.
- To promote Indian industries and to provide employment to craftsmen.
The methods of the Swadeshi and Boycott Movement are given below:
- Foreign goods were boycotted by all classes of the society irrespective of caste, creed and religion.
- National educational institutions were set up to impart literary, technical and physical education. On 15 August 1906, a National Council of Education was set up. A National college with Aurobindo Ghosh as principal was started in Calcutta.
- Students and women organised processions, picketed foreign cloth, cigarettes and other articles and consigned them to bonfires in the streets.
- Many textile mills, soap and match factories, national banks and insurance companies were set up to help the people. Cheap shops of Swadeshi goods were opened.
- Swadeshi Movement laid emphasis on self-reliance or 'Atmashakti'. It meant assertion of national dignity, honour and self-confidence.
- The Swadeshi movement saw flowering of nationalist poetry, prose and journalism. The newspapers and magazines carried reports and articles on this topic and thus helped in making the movements successful.