Model Test Paper 2

Read the two statements given below about the Ryotwari system. Select the option that shows the correct relationship between (A) and (R).

Assertion(A): This land revenue policy was made with the ryots or cultivators.

Reason (R): Lord Cornwallis introduced this system in 1793 in Bengal and Bihar.

1. (R) contradicts (A)
2. (R) is the reason for (A)
3. (A) is true but (R) is false
4. (A) and (R) are independent of each other

Answer

(A) is true but (R) is false

Explanation — Lord Cornwallis introduced the Permanent Settlement System in 1793 in Bengal and Bihar. The Ryotwari System was introduced in 1820 by British officials, Alexander Reed and Thomas Munro, who recommended that settlement should be made directly with the actual cultivators or Ryots.

Identify the main results of the Great Uprising of 1857.

P: Continuation of Sati system.

Q: Discouragement of English education among Indians.

R: End of the East India Company.

S: Abolition of Doctrine of Lapse.

1. P and Q
2. R and S
3. P and R
4. Q and S

Answer

R and S

Reetu is preparing a project on 'Reform among Muslim Society'. Which of the following social reformers would MOST LIKELY be part of her project.?

1. Shaukat Ali
2. Maulana Abdul Kalam Azad
3. Sir Syed Ahmed Khan
4. Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan

Answer

Sir Syed Ahmed Khan

Which of the following aspects is being depicted by the given advertisement?

1. Promoting machine made Goods
2. Forcing to buy Swadeshi Goods
3. Discouraging Swadeshi Goods
4. Promoting Swadeshi Goods

Answer

Promoting Swadeshi Goods

Which among the following is the latest country to join the organisation of United Nations?

1. China
2. Russia
3. South Sudan
4. Germany

Answer

South Sudan

The Permanent Settlement was introduced by ............... .

1. Thomas Munro
2. Cornwallis
3. William Bentinck
4. Charles Wood

Answer

Cornwallis

Among the following which organ is considered as the Parliament of the UNO?

1. The Security Council
2. The Trusteeship Council
3. The General Assembly
4. International Court of Justice

Answer

The General Assembly

Reed and Munro were associated with the ............... .

1. Permanent Settlement
2. Ryotwari System
3. Subsidiary Alliance
4. Mahalwari System

Answer

Ryotwari System

The United Nations came into existence in ............... .

1. 1945
2. 1946
3. 1947
4. 1948

Answer

1945

Two statements are given in the question below as Assertion (A) and Reasoning (R). Read the statements and choose the appropriate option.

Assertion (A): The Simon Commission had no Indian representatives.

Reason (R): All parties in India boycotted the Simon Commission.

1. Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
2. Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
3. (A) is true but (R) is false.
4. (A) is false but (R) is true.

Answer

Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).

Explanation — The Simon Commission indeed had no Indian representatives, which caused widespread anger across the country. Because of this exclusion, all major political parties in India including the Indian National Congress and the Muslim League boycotted the Commission.

Read the source given below and answer the questions by choosing the most appropriate option:

In early 1930, the Indian National Congress chose civil disobedience as their main tactic for winning India's independence from the British rule. It appointed Gandhi to organise the campaign. The Salt Satyagraha was a campaign of non-violent protests against the British salt tax. It began with the Salt March on 12th March, 1930. This was the first act of organised opposition to British rule after Poorna Swaraj. Mahatma Gandhi led the Dandi March from his Sabarmati Ashram to Dandi, Gujarat to make salt. He was joined with growing numbers of Indians along the way. Here Gandhiji collected a handful of salt from the seashore and broke the salt law. This march from Sabarmati to Dandi is called 'Dandi March'.

(i) What do you understand by the term 'Satyagraha'?

1. A policy of passive political resistance, especially that advocated by Mahatma Gandhi against British rule in India.
2. A policy of passive political resistance, especially that advocated by Mahatma Gandhi against the rulers of Princely States.
3. Request for truth
4. To oppose British rule by adopting violence activities

(ii) After the Dandi March, Mahatma Gandhi began his

1. Non-cooperation Movement
2. Quit India Movement
3. Champaran Satyagraha
4. Civil Disobedience Movement

(iii) Dandi is located in the modern Indian state of

1. Gujarat
2. Assam
3. Madhya Pradesh
4. Rajasthan

(iv) For the first time participation of women was seen during the

1. Kheda Satyagraha
2. Civil Disobedience Movement
3. Ahmedabad Mill workers strike
4. Quit India Movement

Answer

(i) A policy of passive political resistance, especially that advocated by Mahatma Gandhi against British rule in India.

(ii) Civil Disobedience Movement

(iii) Gujarat

(iv) Civil Disobedience Movement

Fill in the blanks.

1. After the Revolt of 1857, Bahadur Shah was imprisoned and exiled to ............... .

2. ............... means the authority to hear cases for the first time.

3. Two Home Rule Leagues' were formed under the leadership of ............... and ............... .

4. ............... abolished Sati in 1829 with the assistance of Raja Rammohan Roy who campaigned against the Sati.

Answer

1. Rangoon

2. Original Jurisdiction

3. Bal Gangadhar Tilak, Annie Besant

4. Lord William Bentinck

Write True or False against the following statements.

1. In 1919, Khilafat movement was organised under the leadership of Ali Brothers.

2. The UNO has its official headquarters in Geneva.

3. The new land systems introduced by the British, created a new class of zamindars, with new rights.

4. The abolition of Sati, female infanticide, child marriage was the immediate cause of the Revolt of 1857.

Answer

1. True

2. False
   Correct Statement — The UNO has its official headquarters in New York (USA).

3. True

4. False
   Correct Statement — The Introduction of the Enfield rifle and Greased cartridges was the immediate cause of the Revolt of 1857.

Match Column A with Column B.

Answer

Describe the composition of the High Courts

Answer

A High Court consists of one Chief Justice and as many other judges as the Parliament may decide. The Chief Justice is appointed by the President in consultation with the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court and the Governor of the state. The other judges are appointed by the President after consulting the Chief Justice of the High Court concerned, the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court, and the Governor.

Explain the Land Revenue System introduced by the British.

Answer

The British introduced new land revenue systems in India to generate revenue for administration and wars.

1. Permanent Settlement (1793) – Introduced by Lord Cornwallis in Bengal and Bihar:

   • Zamindars were made owners of the land and their rights became hereditary and transferable.
   • Revenue was fixed and had to be paid in cash by zamindars, collected from peasants.
   • Zamindars became a powerful class supporting British rule, while peasants became tenants.

2. Ryotwari System (1820) – Introduced by Alexander Reed and Thomas Munro in Madras, Bombay, Assam, and Coorg:

   • Revenue was settled directly with the cultivators (ryots).
   • Settlements were revised every 20–30 years to increase revenue.

3. Mahalwari System – Introduced in parts of Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Punjab, and North-West Provinces:

   • Revenue was settled village by village or estate by estate (Mahal) with landlords or heads of families.
   • Revenue was periodically revised.

What were the reasons behind the Khilafat and Non-Cooperation Movements?

Answer

The Khilafat and Non-Cooperation Movements arose due to growing Indian anger against the British.

1. The Khilafat Movement started because Turkey was defeated in World War I and the powers of the Khalifa, considered the religious head of all Muslims, were curtailed, which upset Indian Muslims. Leaders like the Ali Brothers, Abul Kalam Azad, and Hasrat Mohani organized the movement to urge the British to undo the injustice done to Turkey.
2. Mahatma Gandhi saw it as an opportunity to unite Hindus and Muslims and joined the movement. The Non-Cooperation Movement followed as a broader response, aiming to boycott British institutions, goods, and government services and refuse taxes, as a way of not cooperating with British rule until swaraj was achieved.

Discuss the main features of the Mountbatten Plan.

Answer

The main features of the Mountbatten Plan are given below:

1. The country would be divided into two Dominions of India and Pakistan.
2. Referendum was to be held in the province Of NWFP so as to ascertain whether the people there wished to stay with the Union of India or Pakistan.
3. The provinces of Assam, Bengal and Punjab were also to be divided.
4. The states would have the option of either joining India or Pakistan.
5. The transfer of power was to be formalised on August 15, 1947.

What were the reform movements among the Sikhs?

Answer

The reform movements among the Sikhs were as follows:

1. Formation of the Khalsa:

   • Under Guru Gobind Singh, Sikhs were organised into a military brotherhood called the Khalsa.
   • Its main purpose was to oppose the wrongdoings of the Mughals.

2. Leadership of Banda Singh Bahadur:

   • Succeeded Guru Gobind Singh and resisted the Mughals for eight years.
   • Strengthened Sikh military and political presence before being captured and executed in 1715.

3. Unification under Maharaja Ranjit Singh:

   • United the twelve misls (Sikh groups) to establish the Sikh kingdom in Punjab.
   • Secured sovereignty west of the Sutlej through the Treaty of Amritsar (1809) with the British.

What was the immediate cause of the Revolt of 1857?

Answer

The immediate cause of the Revolt of 1857 was the introduction of the Enfield rifle by the British. The cartridges had to be bitten off before use, and it was rumoured that they were greased with cow and pig fat. This angered Hindus, for whom the cow is sacred, and Muslims, for whom the pig is taboo, leading them to believe that the British were trying to defile their religions.

What is World Health Organisation? Write its functions.

Answer

The World Health Organisation (WHO), established in 1948 with its headquarters in Geneva, is an international organisation aimed at promoting health worldwide.

Functions of WHO:

1. Promotes public health and works to control and fight diseases like cholera, typhoid, malaria, smallpox, and AIDS.
2. Trains medical personnel and provides scholarships to students for advanced medical studies abroad.
3. Promotes health education among the public to help people prevent and control diseases effectively.

Mention functions of the Security Council and the General Assembly.

Answer

Functions of the Security Council —

1. Maintains international peace and security.
2. Encourages fighting states to resolve differences through talks.
3. Can impose economic sanctions or order military action against aggressor states.
4. Recommends new members for admission and the Secretary‑General’s appointment.
5. Elects International Court of Justice judges with the General Assembly.
6. Can request the cancellation of a state's membership for not following the Charter.
7. Can recommend an emergency General Assembly meeting.

Functions of the General Assembly —

1. Supervises the work of other UN organs.
2. Admits new members on the Security Council’s recommendation.
3. Appoints the Secretary‑General on the Security Council’s recommendation.
4. Elects temporary Security Council members, and members of the Economic and Social Council and Trusteeship Council.
5. Receives reports from UN organs and makes decisions for improvement.
6. Urges member-states to ensure human rights for their citizens.
7. Approves the annual UNO budget and sets member contributions.
8. Alerts the Security Council if global peace is threatened by a state's actions.

Explain the position of the Indian Prime Minister.

Answer

In India’s parliamentary system, the Prime Minister is the real head of the government, leading the Lok Sabha and the largest party or coalition. He manages the country’s internal and external affairs and serves as the chief government spokesperson. The Prime Minister and Council of Ministers are directly responsible to the Lok Sabha and remain in office as long as they have majority support.

Write a short note on the Subordinate Courts.

Answer

Subordinate Courts are the courts at the district level and below. They handle the administration of justice in both civil and criminal matters. Civil Courts decide cases related to money, contracts, and laws, while in criminal matters, the District Judge acts as the Session Judge to hear criminal cases.