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Chapter 4

Factorisation — Exercise 4(B)

Class - 9 RS Aggarwal Mathematics Solutions



Exercise 4B

Question 1

Factorize:

x2 - 49

Answer

Given,

⇒ x2 - 49

⇒ x2 - 72

⇒ (x + 7)(x - 7).

Hence, x2 - 49 = (x + 7)(x - 7).

Question 2

Factorize:

25x2 - 64y2

Answer

Given,

⇒ 25x2 - 64y2

⇒ (5x)2 - (8y)2

⇒ (5x + 8y)(5x - 8y).

Hence, 25x2 - 64y2 = (5x + 8y)(5x - 8y).

Question 3

Factorize:

100 - 9p2

Answer

Given,

⇒ 100 - 9p2

⇒ (10)2 - (3p)2

⇒ (10 + 3p)(10 - 3p).

Hence, 100 - 9p2 = (10 + 3p)(10 - 3p).

Question 4

Factorize:

80 - 5a2

Answer

Given,

⇒ 80 - 5a2

⇒ 5(16 - a2)

⇒ 5[(4)2 - (a)2]

⇒ 5(4 + a)(4 - a).

Hence, 80 - 5a2 = 5(4 + a)(4 - a).

Question 5

Factorize:

32x2 - 18y2

Answer

Given,

⇒ 32x2 - 18y2

⇒ 2(16x2 - 9y2)

⇒ 2[(4x)2 - (3y)2]

⇒ 2(4x + 3y)(4x - 3y)

Hence, 32x2 - 18y2 =2(4x + 3y)(4x - 3y).

Question 6

Factorize:

3x3 - 48x

Answer

Given,

⇒ 3x3 - 48x

⇒ 3x(x2 - 16)

⇒ 3x[(x)2 - (4)2]

⇒ 3x(x + 4)(x - 4)

Hence, 3x3 - 48x = 3x(x + 4)(x - 4).

Question 7

Factorize:

x4 - 81

Answer

Given,

⇒ x4 - 81

⇒ (x2)2 - (9)2

⇒ (x2 + 9)(x2 - 9)

⇒ (x2 + 9)[x2 - (3)2]

⇒ (x2 + 9)(x + 3)(x - 3).

Hence, x4 - 81 = (x2 + 9)(x + 3)(x - 3).

Question 8

Factorize:

2x4 - 32

Answer

Given,

⇒ 2x4 - 32

⇒ 2(x4 - 16)

⇒ 2[(x2)2 - (4)2]

⇒ 2(x2 + 4)(x2 - 4)

⇒ 2(x2 + 4)[(x)2 - (2)2]

⇒ 2(x2 + 4)(x + 2)(x - 2)

Hence, 2x4 - 32 = 2(x2 + 4)(x + 2)(x - 2).

Question 9

Factorize:

x3 - 5x2 - x + 5

Answer

Given,

⇒ x3 - 5x2 - x + 5

⇒ x2 (x - 5) - 1(x - 5)

⇒ (x2 - 1)(x - 5)

⇒ [(x)2 - (1)2] (x - 5)

⇒ (x + 1)(x - 1)(x - 5)

Hence, x3 - 5x2 - x + 5 = (x + 1)(x - 1)(x - 5).

Question 10

Factorize:

9(x + a)2 - 4x2

Answer

Given,

⇒ 9(x + a)2 - 4x2

⇒ [3(x + a)]2 - (2x)2

⇒ [3(x + a) + 2x] [3(x + a) - 2x]

⇒ (3x + 3a + 2x)(3x + 3a - 2x)

⇒ (5x + 3a)(x + 3a).

Hence, 9(x + a)2 - 4x2 = (5x + 3a)(x + 3a).

Question 11

Factorize:

9(b + 2a)2 - 4a2

Answer

Given,

⇒ 9(b + 2a)2 - 4a2

⇒ [3(b + 2a)]2 - (2a)2

⇒ [3(b + 2a) + 2a][3(b + 2a) - 2a]

⇒ (3b + 6a + 2a)(3b + 6a - 2a)

⇒ (3b + 8a)(3b + 4a).

Hence, 9(b + 2a)2 - 4a2 = (3b + 8a)(3b + 4a).

Question 12

Factorize:

3 - 12(a - b)2

Answer

Given,

⇒ 3 - 12(a - b)2

⇒ 3[1 - 4(a - b)2]

⇒ 3[(1)2 - [2(a - b)]2]

⇒ 3[1 + 2(a - b)] [1 - 2(a - b)]

⇒ 3(1 + 2a - 2b)(1 - 2a + 2b)

Hence, 3 - 12(a - b)2 = 3(1 + 2a - 2b)(1 - 2a + 2b).

Question 13

Factorize:

50a2 - 2(b - c)2

Answer

Given,

⇒ 50a2 - 2(b - c)2

⇒ 2[25a2 - (b - c)2]

⇒ 2[(5a)2 - (b - c)2]

⇒ 2[5a + (b - c)] [5a - (b - c)]

⇒ 2(5a + b - c)(5a - b + c).

Hence, 50a2 - 2(b - c)2 = 2(5a + b - c)(5a - b + c).

Question 14

Factorize:

2(x - 3)2 - 32

Answer

Given,

⇒ 2(x - 3)2 - 32

⇒ 2[(x - 3)2 - 16]

⇒ 2[(x - 3)2 - (4)2]

⇒ 2(x - 3 + 4)(x - 3 - 4)

⇒ 2(x - 3 + 4)(x - 3 - 4)

⇒ 2(x + 1)(x - 7).

Hence, 2(x - 3)2 - 32 = 2(x + 1)(x - 7).

Question 15

Factorize:

a2(b + c) - (b + c)3

Answer

Given,

⇒ a2(b + c) - (b + c)3

⇒ (b + c)[a2 - (b + c)2]

⇒ (b + c)(a + b + c)(a - b - c).

Hence, a2(b + c) - (b + c)3 = (b + c)(a + b + c)(a - b - c).

Question 16

Factorize:

x2 - 1 - 2a - a2

Answer

Given,

⇒ x2 - 1 - 2a - a2

⇒ x2 - (a2 + 2a + 1)

⇒ (x)2 - (a + 1)2

⇒ (x + a + 1)[x - (a + 1)]

⇒ (x + a + 1)(x - a - 1).

Hence, x2 - 1 - 2a - a2 = (x + a + 1)(x - a - 1).

Question 17

Factorize:

x2 - y2 + 2yz - z2

Answer

Given,

⇒ x2 - y2 + 2yz - z2

⇒ x2 - (y2 - 2yz + z2)

⇒ (x)2 - (y - z)2

⇒ (x + y - z)[x - (y - z)]

⇒ (x + y - z)(x - y + z).

Hence, x2 - y2 + 2yz - z2 = (x + y - z)(x - y + z).

Question 18

Factorize:

x2 - y2 - 4xz + 4z2

Answer

Given,

⇒ x2 - y2 - 4xz + 4z2

⇒ x2 - 4xz + 4z2 - y2

⇒ (x - 2z)2 - (y)2

⇒ (x - 2z + y)(x - 2z - y).

Hence, x2 - y2 - 4xz + 4z2 = (x - 2z + y)(x - 2z - y).

Question 19

Factorize:

x2 - 4x + 4y - y2

Answer

Given,

⇒ x2 - 4x + 4y - y2

⇒ (x2 - 4x) - (y2 - 4y)

⇒ (x2 - 4x) + 4 - 4 - (y2 - 4y)

⇒ (x2 - 4x + 4) - (y2 - 4y + 4)

⇒ (x - 2)2 - (y - 2)2

⇒ (x - 2 + y - 2)[x - 2 - (y - 2)]

⇒ (x - 2 + y - 2)(x - 2 - y + 2)

⇒ (x + y - 4)(x - y).

Hence, x2 - 4x + 4y - y2 = (x - y)(x + y - 4).

Question 20

Factorize:

x - y - x2 + y2

Answer

Given,

⇒ x - y - x2 + y2

⇒ -x2 + y2 + x - y

⇒ -(x2 - y2) + x - y

⇒ -(x + y)(x - y) + x - y

⇒ (x - y)[-(x + y) + 1]

⇒ (x - y)(1 - x - y).

Hence, x - y - x2 + y2 = (x - y)(1 - x - y).

Question 21

Factorize:

x(x + z) - y(y + z)

Answer

Given,

⇒ x(x + z) - y(y + z)

⇒ x2 + xz - y2 - yz

⇒ x2 - y2 + xz - yz

⇒ x2 - y2 + z(x - y)

⇒ (x - y)(x + y) + z(x - y)

⇒ (x - y)(x + y + z).

Hence, x(x + z) - y(y + z) = (x - y)(x + y + z).

Question 22

Factorize:

x(x - 2) - y(y - 2)

Answer

Given,

⇒ x(x - 2) - y(y - 2)

⇒ x2 - 2x - y2 + 2y

⇒ x2 - y2 + 2y - 2x

⇒ (x - y)(x + y) + 2(y - x)

⇒ (x - y)(x + y) - 2(x - y)

⇒ (x - y)(x + y - 2).

Hence, x(x - 2) - y(y - 2) = (x - y)(x + y - 2).

Question 23

Factorize:

4x2y - 9y3

Answer

Given,

⇒ 4x2y - 9y3

⇒ y(4x2 - 9y2)

⇒ y[(2x)2 - (3y)2]

⇒ y(2x + 3y)(2x - 3y).

Hence, 4x2y - 9y3 = y(2x + 3y)(2x - 3y).

Question 24

Factorize:

9x4 - x2 - 12x - 36

Answer

Given,

⇒ 9x4 - x2 - 12x - 36

⇒ (9x4) - (x2 + 12x + 36)

⇒ (3x2)2 - (x + 6)2

⇒ (3x2 + x + 6)(3x2 - x - 6).

Hence, 9x4 - x2 - 12x - 36 = (3x2 + x + 6)(3x2 - x - 6).

Question 25

Factorize:

x2+1x211x^2 + \dfrac{1}{x^2} - 11

Answer

Given,

x2+1x211(x2+1x22)9(x2+1x22×x×1x)9(x1x)2(3)2(x1x+3)(x1x3).\Rightarrow x^2 + \dfrac{1}{x^2} - 11 \\[1em] \Rightarrow \Big(x^2 + \dfrac{1}{x^2} - 2\Big) - 9 \\[1em] \Rightarrow \Big(x^2 + \dfrac{1}{x^2} - 2 \times x \times \dfrac{1}{x}\Big) - 9 \\[1em] \Rightarrow \Big(x - \dfrac{1}{x}\Big)^2 - (3)^2 \\[1em] \Rightarrow \Big(x - \dfrac{1}{x} + 3\Big) \Big(x - \dfrac{1}{x} - 3\Big).

Hence, x2+1x211=(x1x+3)(x1x3)x^2 + \dfrac{1}{x^2} - 11 = \Big(x - \dfrac{1}{x} + 3\Big) \Big(x - \dfrac{1}{x} - 3\Big).

Question 26

Factorize:

x4 + 5x2 + 9

Answer

Given,

⇒ x4 + 5x2 + 9

⇒ (x2)2 + 6x2 - x2 + (3)2

⇒ (x2)2 + 6x2 + (3)2 - x2

⇒ (x2)2 + 2 × 3 × x2 + (3)2 - x2

⇒ (x2 + 3)2 - (x)2     [As, (a + b)2 = a2 + b2 + 2ab]

⇒ (x2 + 3 + x)(x2 + 3 - x).

Hence, x4 + 5x2 + 9 = (x2 + 3 + x)(x2 + 3 - x).

Question 27

Factorize:

a2 + b2 - c2 - d2 + 2ab - 2cd

Answer

Given,

⇒ a2 + b2 - c2 - d2 + 2ab - 2cd

⇒ a2 + b2 + 2ab - c2 - d2 - 2cd

⇒ (a2 + b2 + 2ab) - (c2 + d2 + 2cd)

⇒ (a + b)2 - (c + d)2

⇒ [(a + b) + (c + d)][(a + b) - (c + d)]

⇒ (a + b + c + d)(a + b - c - d).

Hence, a2 + b2 - c2 - d2 + 2ab - 2cd = (a + b + c + d)(a + b - c - d).

Question 28

Factorize:

(a2 - b2)(c2 - d2) - 4abcd

Answer

Given,

⇒ (a2 - b2)(c2 - d2) - 4abcd

⇒ a2c2 - a2d2 - b2c2 + b2d2 - 4abcd

⇒ a2c2 + b2d2 - 2abcd - b2c2 - a2d2 - 2abcd

⇒ (a2c2 + b2d2 - 2 × ac × bd) - (a2d2 + b2c2 + 2 × ad × bc)

⇒ (ac - bd)2 - (ad + bc)2

⇒ [(ac - bd) + (ad + bc)][(ac - bd) - (ad + bc)]

⇒ (ac - bd + ad + bc)(ac - bd - ad - bc).

Hence, (a2 - b2)(c2 - d2) - 4abcd = (ac - bd + ad + bc)(ac - bd - ad - bc).

Question 29

Factorize:

4x2 - 12ax - y2 - z2 - 2yz + 9a2

Answer

Given,

⇒ 4x2 - 12ax - y2 - z2 - 2yz + 9a2

⇒ 9a2 + 4x2 - 12ax - (y2 + z2 + 2yz)

⇒ (4x2 + 9a2 - 12ax) - (y2 + z2 + 2yz)

⇒ [(2x)2 + (3a)2 - 2 × 3a × 2x] - (y2 + z2 + 2yz)

⇒ (2x - 3a)2 - (y + z)2

⇒ [(2x - 3a) + (y + z)][(2x - 3a) - (y + z)]

⇒ (2x - 3a + y + z)(2x - 3a - y - z).

Hence, 4x2 - 12ax - y2 - z2 - 2yz + 9a2 = (2x - 3a + y + z)(2x - 3a - y - z).

Question 30

Factorize:

9a2 + 3a - 8b - 64b2

Answer

Given,

⇒ 9a2 + 3a - 8b - 64b2

⇒ 9a2 - 64b2 + 3a - 8b

⇒ (3a)2 - (8b)2 + 3a - 8b

⇒ (3a + 8b)(3a - 8b) + 3a - 8b

⇒ (3a - 8b)[(3a + 8b) + 1]

⇒ (3a - 8b)(3a + 8b + 1).

Hence, 9a2 + 3a - 8b - 64b2 = (3a - 8b)(3a + 8b + 1).

Question 31

Express (x2 + 8x - 15)(x2 - 8x - 15) as the difference of two squares.

Answer

Given,

⇒ (x2 + 8x - 15)(x2 - 8x - 15)

⇒ [(x2 - 15) + (8x)] [(x2 - 15) - (8x)]

⇒ (x2 - 15)2 - (8x)2.

Hence, (x2 + 8x - 15)(x2 - 8x - 15) = (x2 - 15)2 - (8x)2.

Question 32

Evaluate:

(i) (674)2 - (326)2

(ii) (18.6)2 - (1.4)2

Answer

(i) Given,

⇒ (674)2 - (326)2

By using the identity,

(a2 - b2) = (a + b)(a - b)

⇒ (674 + 326)(674 - 326)

⇒ (1000)(348)

⇒ 348000.

Hence, (674)2 - (326)2 = 348000.

(ii) Given,

⇒ (18.6)2 - (1.4)2

By using the identity,

(a2 - b2) = (a + b)(a - b)

⇒ (18.6 + 1.4)(18.6 - 1.4)

⇒ (20)(17.2)

⇒ 344.

Hence, (18.6)2 - (1.4)2 = 344.

Question 33

Factorise:

(x4 + x2y2 + y4)

Answer

Given,

⇒ (x4 + x2y2 + y4)

⇒ x4 + 2x2y2 - x2y2 + y4

⇒ x4 + 2x2y2 + y4 - x2y2

⇒ [(x2)2 + 2 × x2 × y2 + (y2)2] - x2y2

By using the identity,

(a + b)2 = a2 + b2 + 2ab

⇒ (x2 + y2)2 - (xy)2

⇒ (x2 + y2 + xy)(x2 + y2 - xy)

Hence, (x4 + x2y2 + y4)= (x2 + y2 + xy)(x2 + y2 - xy).

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