Solved 2025 Specimen Paper ICSE Class 10 Robotics & Artificial Intelligence

Select the field in which the following robots are used.

1. Agriculture
2. Warehouse
3. Electric Car
4. Entertainment

Answer

Warehouse

Reason — The robot shown is used for tasks such as storing, picking, sorting, and transporting goods, which are operations carried out in warehouses.

Which of the following is an example of probabilistic computing?

1. Time tables
2. Maps
3. Report cards
4. Weather forecast

Answer

Weather forecast

Reason — Weather forecasting is based on probability, as it predicts future weather conditions using data, patterns, and likelihood rather than giving exact or fixed results.

Which of the following statements about cobots is true?

1. Cobots eliminate the need for human presence
2. Cobots work collaboratively with humans
3. Cobots are used only in educational settings
4. Cobots are outdated technology

Answer

Cobots work collaboratively with humans

Reason — Cobots (collaborative robots) are designed to work together with humans by assisting them in tasks while ensuring safety, cooperation, and shared control, rather than replacing human presence.

Tinkercad can be used to design and simulate the motion of a simple robotic system, such as a wheeled mobile robot.

1. True
2. False

Answer

True

Reason — Tinkercad is used to visualise, design, and simulate robotic components and their motion, including simple robotic systems such as wheeled mobile robots.

Consider the following block diagram of a control system in a robot:

[Input] → [Controller] → [Robot] → [Feedback]

Which component of this system is responsible for making decisions based on sensor data?

1. Input
2. Robot
3. Controller
4. Feedback

Answer

Controller

Reason — The controller is responsible for making decisions based on sensor data, as it receives input through feedback, processes the information, and sends control signals to operate the robot accordingly.

What is the function of actuators in a robotic system?

1. To process data from sensors
2. To control the power supply to the robot
3. To convert electrical signals into physical movement
4. To regulate the temperature within the robot

Answer

To convert electrical signals into physical movement

Reason — Actuators are devices such as motors and hydraulic systems that receive electrical signals and convert them into mechanical motion, enabling the robot to move and perform actions.

Which of the following character is used to give a single line comment in Python?

1. //
2. #
3. !
4. /*

Answer

#

Reason — In Python, the hash symbol (#) is used to write a single-line comment, which is ignored by the Python interpreter during program execution.

Camera is an example of:

1. Pressure Sensor
2. Vision Sensor
3. Solar Sensor
4. Motion Sensor

Answer

Vision Sensor

Reason — A camera is used to capture images and visual information from the surroundings, which helps a robot see and interpret its environment, therefore, it is classified as a vision sensor.

Which of the following expressions is the correct option for ab?

1. a*b
2. a**b
3. a^b
4. a^*b

Answer

a*b

Reason — In Python, the symbol * is the multiplication operator used to multiply two variables, so a*b correctly represents the product of a and b.

Which statement about single-board computers in robotics is correct?

1. Single-board computers are only used for power supply in robotic systems.
2. Single-board computers cannot process sensor data.
3. Single-board computers are used to control the operations of a robotic system.
4. Single-board computers are not suitable for use in wheeled mobile robots.

Answer

Single-board computers are used to control the operations of a robotic system.

Reason — Single-board computers act as the controller of a robotic system. They process sensor data and control the functioning and operations of the robot, including movement and decision-making.

In the context of machine learning, what is the role of data?

1. To execute pre-defined instructions.
2. To provide examples for machine learning and predictions.
3. To store the robot’s programming code.
4. To manage and direct the robot's movements.

Answer

To provide examples for machine learning and predictions.

Reason — In machine learning, data is used to train and test models by providing examples from which machines learn patterns and make predictions, rather than following fixed, pre-defined instructions.

The motor in a robot works as a/an:

1. Actuator
2. Sensor
3. End effector
4. Controller

Answer

Actuator

Reason — A motor converts electrical signals into mechanical movement, helping the robot move or perform actions, therefore, it functions as an actuator.

Which statement best describes the Turing Test?

1. It measures the speed of a computer.
2. It evaluates a machine's intelligence.
3. It tests human memory capacity.
4. It determines a person's IQ score.

Answer

It evaluates a machine's intelligence.

Reason — The Turing Test checks whether a machine can exhibit human-like behaviour, that is, whether its responses are indistinguishable from those of a human during interaction.

What is the primary goal of cybersecurity?

1. To increase computer speed
2. To protect data from unauthorised access
3. To reduce software development time
4. To enhance user interface design

Answer

To protect data from unauthorised access

Reason — The primary goal of cybersecurity is to protect data and systems from unauthorised access, misuse, and threats, ensuring the safety and security of information.

Assertion (A): The Turing Test helps in evaluating the intelligence of a machine.

Reason (R): The Turing Test checks if a machine can exhibit human-like behavior.

1. Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A
2. Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A
3. A is true, but R is false
4. A is false, but R is true

Answer

Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A

Reason — The Turing Test is used to evaluate a machine’s intelligence by checking whether it can exhibit human-like behaviour that is indistinguishable from a human during interaction.

What are the 4 Ws used for understanding a problem in AI project scoping?

1. Who, What, When, Where
2. Why, When, Where, What
3. Who, What, Where, Why
4. Who, Where, When, Why

Answer

Who, What, Where, Why

Reason — The 4 Ws Problem Canvas is used in AI project scoping to understand a problem by identifying Who is affected, What the problem is, Where it occurs, and Why it needs to be solved.

What type of graph is shown in the image?

1. Line graph
2. Bar graph
3. Pie chart
4. Scatter plot

Answer

Pie chart

Reason — A pie chart represents data as slices of a circle, where each slice shows the proportion of a category relative to the whole.

What does the following code output?

string = "Hello World"
print(string[1:5])

1. "Hell"
2. "ello"
3. "World"
4. "Hello"

Answer

"ello"

Reason — In Python, string slicing returns characters from the starting index up to the ending index minus one. Therefore, string[1:5] extracts the characters at index positions 1, 2, 3, and 4, which are e, l, l, and o, and hence the output is "ello".

The full form of IDLE is:

1. Integrated Development and Language Environment.
2. Integrated Development and Learning Environment.
3. Inline Development and Learning Environment.
4. Inside Development and Language Environment.

Answer

Integrated Development and Learning Environment.

Reason — IDLE stands for Integrated Development and Learning Environment and is used as a programming environment in Python to write, execute, and debug programs in interactive and script modes.

Which operation can be performed on both lists and tuples?

1. Append elements
2. Insert elements
3. Access elements
4. Delete elements

Answer

Access elements

Reason — Both lists and tuples allow accessing their elements using index values, whereas operations like appending, inserting, or deleting elements are not permitted in tuples because they are immutable.

What are some features of smart home robotic systems?

Answer

The features of smart home robotic systems are as follows:

1. Automated control of lighting.
2. Automated control of temperature.
3. Automated control of home appliances.
4. Security monitoring.
5. Energy efficiency management.
6. Remote access and control using smart devices.

Cobots are becoming increasingly important in industries where human-robot collaboration can enhance productivity and safety. For example, in manufacturing, cobots can perform repetitive tasks while humans handle more complex and decision-making tasks, leading to more efficient workflows.

With reference to the above, mention two benefits of using cobots in manufacturing.

Answer

Two benefits of using cobots in manufacturing are increased productivity and enhanced worker safety. Cobots handle repetitive and physically demanding tasks efficiently, which reduces human fatigue and allows workers to focus on complex and decision-making activities, while their built-in safety features ensure safe human-robot collaboration.

Explain the role of gears in robotic systems.

Answer

Gears play an important role in robotic systems by transmitting motion and power from one component to another. They help in changing the speed, torque, and direction of motion, allowing the robot to move smoothly and perform tasks efficiently.

Differentiate between Data and Information.

Answer

The difference between data and information is as follows:

Outline the steps involved in machine learning.

Answer

The steps involved in machine learning are:

1. Problem definition
2. Data collection
3. Data preprocessing
4. Model selection
5. Training the model
6. Evaluation and validation
7. Deployment and monitoring

What is the Turing Test, and what role does it play in AI?

Answer

The Turing Test is a test used to determine whether a machine can exhibit intelligent behaviour similar to that of a human. It plays an important role in artificial intelligence by evaluating a machine’s intelligence based on its ability to produce responses that are indistinguishable from those of a human during interaction.

What is problem scoping in the context of an AI project?

Answer

Problem scoping in the context of an AI project refers to the process of understanding and defining the problem, identifying the factors influencing it, and setting clear goals for the project. It involves analysing the problem using the 4 Ws (Who, What, Where, Why) to clearly outline what needs to be solved before building an AI solution.

What will be the output of the code given below:

my_list = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50]
print("The number is ", my_list[-2])

Answer

The number is 40

In Python, negative indexing is used to access elements from the end of a list. The index -1 refers to the last element, and -2 refers to the second last element. In the list [10, 20, 30, 40, 50], the second last element is 40, so it is printed.

What will be the output of the code given below:

import numpy as np
arr = np.array([1, 2, 3, 4, 5])
print(arr[2])

Answer

3

In a NumPy array, indexing starts from 0. Therefore, arr[2] accesses the element at index position 2, which is 3.

What will be the output of the code given below:

text = "Python Programming" 
print(text[7:])

Answer

Programming

In Python, if the ending index is not mentioned in string slicing, the slice returns characters from the starting index up to the end of the string. Here, text[7:] starts from index 7 and returns all characters till the end, resulting in Programming.

How do assistant robots in healthcare improve patient care? Provide two specific examples.

Answer

Assistant robots in healthcare improve patient care by performing routine tasks and supporting patients, which allows healthcare professionals to focus on more critical medical duties and improves overall efficiency.

Examples:

1. Medication delivery: Robots deliver medicines to patients, ensuring timely administration and reducing the workload of nursing staff.

2. Patient monitoring: Robots equipped with sensors continuously monitor patients vital signs and alert medical staff if any abnormalities are detected.

What are the main differences between subjective decision making by humans and objective decision making by machines?

Answer

Subjective decision making by humans depends on personal judgement, emotions, intuition, and past experiences, so it can vary between individuals.

Objective decision making by machines relies on data and algorithms, producing consistent and repeatable results for the same input and does not involve emotions.

Write a Python program to plot a bar chart using the Matplotlib library. Your program should:

1. Import the necessary libraries.
2. Create a list of categories and their corresponding values.
3. Plot a bar chart with appropriate labels and a title.

Answer

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
categories = ['A', 'B', 'C', 'D', 'E']
values = [5, 7, 3, 8, 6]
plt.bar(categories, values)
plt.xlabel('Categories')
plt.ylabel('Values')
plt.title('Category-wise Performance Analysis')
plt.show()

Output

Explain the key differences between traditional industrial robots and cobots. Why are cobots considered more suitable for collaborative tasks?

Answer

Differences between traditional industrial robots and cobots:

• Traditional industrial robots operate in isolated environments and are mainly used for repetitive, high-speed tasks. They require safety barriers to prevent human interaction during operation. They can perform heavy-duty tasks at fenced-off areas.

• Cobots (collaborative robots) are designed to work alongside humans without safety barriers. They are equipped with sensors and safety features that allow safe human-robot interaction and do not require strict isolation. They are lightweight, flexible and easy to reprogram.

Cobots are more suitable for collaborative tasks because they are designed to work alongside humans safely, assisting them in tasks where human involvement and supervision are required. They focus on cooperation, involvement, and safety, making them ideal for environments where humans and robots share the workspace.

Describe the steps involved in a machine learning project using the example of fruit sorting.

Answer

The steps involved in a machine learning project using the example of fruit sorting are:

1. Data collection: Collect images of different fruits such as apples, bananas, and oranges.
2. Data preparation: Label the images and preprocess them to make the data suitable for analysis.
3. Feature extraction: Identify features such as colour, shape, and size of fruits.
4. Model training: Train a machine learning model using the prepared and labelled data so that it can learn patterns.
5. Model testing: Test the trained model using new fruit images to check its accuracy.
6. Deployment: Use the trained model in a real-time system to automatically sort fruits based on their features.

Create a user defined function isPrime() to accept a number and returns True if number is prime otherwise False. (A number is said to be prime if it is only divisible by itself and 1)

Answer

def isPrime(n):
    if n <= 1:
        return False
    for i in range(2, n):
        if n % i == 0:
            return False
    return True

Define the role of sensors in robotics. Differentiate between internal and external sensors with examples.

Answer

Sensors act as the "sense organs" of a robot. They detect changes in the robot’s surroundings or inside the robot (like distance, light, sound, temperature, pressure, position, etc.) and convert this information into electrical signals. The robot’s controller uses these signals to make decisions and control actions, such as navigation, obstacle avoidance, safety, and accurate movement.

List three ethical issues related to cybersecurity.

Answer

Three ethical issues related to cybersecurity are:

1. Unauthorised access to computer systems
2. Theft of software and intellectual property
3. Data privacy violation

A library charges fine according to the number of days a book returned late, according to the following criteria.

Write a program to enter the number of days a book was returned late and print the fine to be paid.

days = int(input("Enter number of days late: "))
if days <= 10:
    fine = days * 1
elif days <= 20:
    fine = 10 * 1 + (days - 10) * 2.5
else:
    fine = 10 * 1 + 10 * 2.5 + (days - 20) * 5
print("Fine to be paid:", fine)

Enter number of days late: 25
Fine to be paid: 60.0

Explain the use of Tinkercad in designing robotic components. What are the advantages of visualising motion using Tinkercad?

Answer

Use of Tinkercad in designing robotic components:

Tinkercad is an online tool used to visualise, design, and create robotic components. It provides a 3D design environment where components such as joints, gears, and mechanisms can be designed and assembled. Tinkercad also allows users to simulate robotic systems, helping in better understanding of how different components work together.

Advantages of visualising motion using Tinkercad:

• Helps in understanding the movement and interaction of robotic components
• Allows error detection and correction before actual construction
• Makes learning interactive and cost-effective
• Enables safe testing and debugging of designs
• Helps students visualise motion before building the real robot

Explain how the phenomenon of hacking can lead to data theft and what measures can be implemented to prevent it.

Answer

Hacking is the act of gaining unauthorised access to computer systems or networks. Through hacking, attackers can steal sensitive information such as personal data, passwords, bank details, and confidential files, leading to data theft and misuse of information.

Measures to prevent hacking and data theft:

• Using strong and unique passwords
• Implementing multi-factor authentication
• Regularly updating software and operating systems
• Using encryption to protect data
• Installing and updating antivirus and security software
• Avoiding suspicious links and untrusted websites

Write a Python program that performs the following operations on a list of integers:

1. Create a list of integers: [10, 20, 30, 40, 50].
2. Append the integer 60 to the list.
3. Insert the integer 25 at index 2.
4. Sort the list in ascending order.
5. Search for the integer 30 in the list and print its index.
6. Print the final list.

numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50]
numbers.append(60)
numbers.insert(2, 25)
numbers.sort()
index_30 = numbers.index(30)
print("Index of 30:", index_30)
print("Final list:", numbers)

Index of 30: 3
Final list: [10, 20, 25, 30, 40, 50, 60]

Explain the importance of integrating sensors, actuators, and controllers in a robotic system.

Answer

Integrating sensors, actuators, and controllers is important in a robotic system because it allows the robot to perceive its environment, make decisions, and perform actions. Sensors gather data from the surroundings, the controller processes this data and decides the appropriate response, and actuators carry out the required movements. This integration ensures that the robot can operate efficiently and autonomously.

Explain the importance of defining the problem statement in an AI project. How does it impact the project's success?

Answer

Defining the problem statement is important because it sets the direction for the entire AI project. It helps in clearly understanding the problem to be solved, identifying the objectives, and defining the goals of the project.

A well-defined problem statement impacts the project’s success by keeping the project focused and relevant. It ensures that the AI solution is developed to solve the right problem effectively, thereby increasing the chances of successful project implementation.

Write a Python program that performs the following operations on a tuple:

1. Create a tuple with the elements: (5, 10, 15, 20, 25).
2. Access and print the element at index 2.
3. Convert the tuple into a list.
4. Append the integer 30 to the list.
5. Convert the list back into a tuple.
6. Print the final tuple.

numbers_tuple = (5, 10, 15, 20, 25)
element = numbers_tuple[2]
print("Element at index 2:", element)
numbers_list = list(numbers_tuple)
numbers_list.append(30)
final_tuple = tuple(numbers_list)
print("Final tuple:", final_tuple)

Element at index 2: 15
Final tuple: (5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30)

Describe the process of building a simple wheeled mobile robot and mention the key components involved.

Answer

Process of building a simple wheeled mobile robot:

1. Design the frame (chassis) – Construct a sturdy base to hold all the components of the robot.

2. Install wheels and motors – Attach wheels to the chassis and connect them to DC motors for movement.

3. Integrate sensors – Add sensors to help the robot detect obstacles and navigate its surroundings.

4. Add the controller – Install a microcontroller to process sensor data and control the motors.

5. Provide power supply – Connect a battery to supply power to the controller, motors, and sensors.

6. Program the robot – Write and upload the program to define how the robot should move and respond to inputs.

Key components involved:

• Frame or chassis
• Wheels and DC motors
• Sensors (e.g., ultrasonic sensor)
• Controller (microcontroller)
• Battery / power supply
• Connecting wires and hardware tools

List and briefly describe three different ways of representing data visually.

Answer

1. Bar graph – Represents categorical data using rectangular bars, where the height of each bar shows the value or frequency of a category.

2. Line graph – Shows trends or changes over time by connecting data points with a continuous line.

3. Pie chart – Represents data as slices of a circular pie, where each slice shows the proportion of a category in the whole dataset.

Write a Python program that performs the following operations on a string:

1. Create a string with the value "Artificial Intelligence".
2. Convert the entire string to uppercase and print the result.
3. Find and print the position of the substring "Intelligence" within the string.
4. Replace the substring "Artificial" with "Machine" and print the new string.
5. Check if the string starts with "Machine" and print the result (True/False).
6. Count and print the number of occurrences of the letter 'i' in the string.

original_string = "Artificial Intelligence"

uppercase_string = original_string.upper()
print("Uppercase string:", uppercase_string)

position = original_string.find("Intelligence")
print("Position of 'Intelligence':", position)

new_string = original_string.replace("Artificial", "Machine")
print("New string:", new_string)

starts_with_machine = new_string.startswith("Machine")
print("Starts with 'Machine':", starts_with_machine)

count_i = original_string.count('i')
print("Number of occurrences of 'i':", count_i)

Uppercase string: ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
Position of 'Intelligence': 11
New string: Machine Intelligence
Starts with 'Machine': True
Number of occurrences of 'i': 4