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Physics

(a)

  1. Which element is used in the lining of the special aprons worn by workers in nuclear power plants?
  2. Why is this element preferred?

(b) 1124Na{}_{11}^{24}\text {Na} emits a nuclear radiation which does not alter the mass number but is deflected by a magnetic field.

  1. Name the type of nuclear radiation emitted by 1124Na{}_{11}^{24}\text {Na}.
  2. Write the equation for this radioactive decay.

Radioactivity

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Answer

(a)

  1. Lead is used in the lining of the special aprons worn by workers in nuclear power plants.
  2. Lead is preferred because it is a dense metal and absorbs harmful nuclear radiations effectively.

(b)

  1. The radiation that does not change the mass number but is deflected by a magnetic field is beta (β) radiation.
    Hence, beta (β) radiation is emitted by 1124Na_{\textbf {11}}^{\textbf {24}}\textbf {Na}.
  2. Radioactive decay equation:
    1124Na⟶1224Na+−10β_{11}^{24}\text {Na} \longrightarrow _{12}^{24}\text {Na} + _{-1}^{0}\text {β}
    In this decay, a beta particle (electron) is emitted, the atomic number increases by 1, while the mass number remains unchanged.

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