Geography
How are alluvial plains formed? How are the plains most suitable for economic activities?
Earth's Landforms
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Answer
Plains that are formed by the deposition of alluvium by rivers are called alluvial plains. The plains are most suitable for economic activities in the following ways:
- Plains formed by rivers are intensively cultivated as they have fertile soils and abundant water supply.
- The flat land makes it easy to build roadways, railways and buildings.
- Rivers in the plains are navigable, which supports trade and transport.
- They support dense population and the growth of towns and industries.
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Mountains are most commonly formed by folding or buckling of the Earth's crust due to forces of compression. These are thus called fold mountains. This process generally happens when two plates collide or move towards each other. The collision causes the edges of the plates to be raised or uplifted to form mountains. Most fold mountains thus occur at margins of plates, notable examples being the Andes, Rockies and Himalayas. Fold mountains are of two types—
- young fold mountains such as the Himalayas and the Alps were formed a few million years ago.
- On the other hand, old fold mountains such as the Aravallis and the Urals were formed several hundred million years ago.
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- Draw a diagram to show a folded topography.
- What are the different types of fold mountains? Mention with example.