The Amazon rain forest is referred to as the ‘Lungs of the Earth’. It plays an important role in climate regulation through photosynthesis. However, this delicate ecosystem is facing threats from deforestation, climate change and human encroachment which can lead to irreversible environmental consequences.

(a) How does photosynthesis contribute to the Amazon rain forests’ reputation as the ‘Lungs of the Earth’?

(b) In what way is the environment affected by deforestation?

(c) Name the pigment that captures the light energy during photosynthesis.

(a) Photosynthesis performed by the trees in the Amazon rain forest absorbs carbon dioxide and releases oxygen, which helps maintain atmospheric oxygen levels. This process supports life on Earth, earning it the name ‘Lungs of the Earth’.

(b) Deforestation reduces the number of trees, leading to less carbon dioxide being absorbed and more oxygen being depleted. It causes soil erosion, loss of biodiversity, and contributes to global warming and climate change.

(c) Chlorophyll.