Arnav was making notes and he wrote down the following statements from his understanding of reflection from curved surfaces. I. Concave mirrors can produce both real and virtual images depending on the position of the object. II. Convex mirrors always produce real, inverted images regardless of the object’s position. III. In both concave and convex mirrors, the image location can be determined using the mirror formula where is the focal length, is the image distance, and is the object distance. Choose from the following the correct option that lists the correct statements about reflection from curved surfaces. options 1. I and II 2. I, II and III 3. II and III 4. I and III

I and III Reason — - I is true because a concave mirror forms real, inverted images when the object is beyond the focus, and a virtual, erect image when the object is between the pole and focus. - II is false because a convex mirror always gives a virtual, erect, and diminished image—never real. - III is true because for both concave and convex mirrors, the mirror formula applies (with the appropriate sign convention). Hence, statements I and III are correct.

A hydrocarbon with the formula C_xH_y undergoes complete combustion as shown in the following equation:
2C_xH_y + 9O₂ → 6CO₂ + 6H₂O
(a) What are the values of ‘x’ and ‘y’?
(b) Give the chemical (IUPAC) name of the hydrocarbon.
(c) Is C_xH_y a saturated or an unsaturated hydrocarbon?
(d) Name the alcohol which on heating with conc. H₂SO₄ will produce the above hydrocarbon C_xH_y.
(e) Write a balanced chemical equation for the reaction of C_xH_y with hydrogen gas in presence of Nickel.

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Oxygen can combine with both metals and non-metals. It combines with Calcium to form CaO and with carbon to form CO₂.
(a) What type of bond is formed between carbon and oxygen?
(b) Identify the type of bond formed between Calcium and oxygen.
(c) Which of the above compounds will be a good conductor of electricity in molten state and why?
(d) Comment on the physical state (solid, liquid or gas) of CaO and CO₂.
(e) What is the valency of carbon in CO₂?

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Choose the correct option from the below which explains the reason for us to perceive the day sky as blue.
options
As sunlight passes through the atmosphere, shorter wavelengths, such as blue are scattered more than other colors.
The sky appears blue because all colors are scattered equally, but blue light is stronger and more visible to the human eye.
The blue color of the sky is due to longer wavelengths like red and orange scattering more than shorter wavelengths, making blue stand out more.
The atmosphere contains blue-colored particles that give the sky its blue appearance.

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Science

Reflection of Light

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