Latika has prepared a food web which is a network of interconnected food chains. Which of the following are involved in a food web?

1. Producers
2. Sunlight
3. Herbivores
4. Secondary consumers

1. Only 2 and 3
2. Only 1, 2 and 3
3. Only 1, 3 and 4
4. Only 1 and 3

Assertion (A): All plant eating animals are considered as primary producers.

Reason (R): Producers are the first step of the food chain which can supply food to the next trophic level.

1. Both A and R are true.
2. Both A and R are false.
3. A is true and R is false.
4. A is false and R is true.

Assertion (A): Symbiosis, parasitism and predation are the categories of interdependence between organisms, which are the ways of transferring energy.

Reason (R): The transfer of energy from one trophic level to the other always occurs through the food chain.

1. Both A and R are true.
2. Both A and R are false.
3. A is true and R is false.
4. A is false and R is true.

Assertion (A): Flora and fauna of a forest are always the same throughout the world.

Reason (R): Usually, forest contains very big trees and animals. So, whatever climatic conditions are present, plants and animals remain the same.

1. Both A and R are true.
2. Both A and R are false.
3. A is true and R is false.
4. A is false and R is true.