Biology
Assertion (A): Symbiosis, parasitism and predation are the categories of interdependence between organisms, which are the ways of transferring energy.
Reason (R): The transfer of energy from one trophic level to the other always occurs through the food chain.
- Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
- Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
- A is true but R is false.
- A is false but R is true.
Ecosystems
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Answer
A is false but R is true.
Reason — A is false as symbiosis, parasitism, and predation are types of interactions (interdependence) between organisms. However, they are not all ways of energy transfer between trophic levels. Energy transfer mainly happens through feeding relationships in food chains, not all forms of symbiosis (e.g., mutualism in lichens is not simply a trophic energy transfer step in a chain).
R is true as energy transfer from one trophic level to another occurs through food chains and interconnected food chains forming a food web.
Therefore, A is false but R is true is the correct option.
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