Describe the recommendations in Wood's Despatch and their effects.

The Wood's Despatch (1854) outlined the educational policy for India under British rule, with the following key points:

1. Western Education: The aim was to spread European knowledge, including arts, science, philosophy, and literature, with English as the medium for higher education.
2. Vernacular Languages: While English was for higher education, vernacular languages were emphasized for reaching the masses.
3. Educational Infrastructure: It proposed setting up vernacular primary schools in villages, followed by Anglo-Vernacular high schools and affiliated colleges at the district level.
4. Grants-in-Aid: To foster private educational institutions, grants were provided, conditional on employing qualified teachers and maintaining proper standards.
5. Department of Public Instruction: A Director in each province would review the progress of education and submit annual reports to the government.
6. Establishment of Universities: Universities were proposed for Calcutta, Bombay, and Madras, modeled on the London University, to conduct exams and confer degrees.
7. Vocational Education: Emphasis was placed on technical education and establishing vocational schools and colleges.
8. Teachers' Training: Teachers' training institutions, modeled on England’s system, were recommended.
9. Women's Education: The Despatch supported the education of women.