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History & Civics

What were the main objectives of British education in India? Mention the steps recommended to implement the policy.

British Policies & Impact

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Answer

The main objectives of British education in India, as outlined in the Wood's Despatch, were:

  1. Teach Western education: Spread European knowledge in arts, science, and literature, with English as the medium of higher education.
  2. Promote vernacular languages: Use vernacular languages to spread European knowledge to the masses.
  3. Focus on vocational and technical education: Establish technical schools and colleges for vocational training.

Steps recommended to implement the policy:

  1. School system: Establish vernacular primary schools in villages, followed by Anglo-Vernacular high schools and colleges at the district level.
  2. Grants-in-aid: Encourage private institutions with grants-in-aid, ensuring they meet teaching standards and employ qualified teachers.
  3. Public Instruction Department: Create a Department in each province to monitor education and submit annual reports.
  4. Universities: Establish universities in Calcutta, Bombay, and Madras, modeled after London University, to conduct exams and confer degrees.
  5. Teachers' training: Set up teachers' training institutions to improve the quality of education.
  6. Women's education: Provide support for women’s education.

These measures led to the establishment of three universities in 1857, marking a key development in India's education system.

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