(i) Given,
x+x1=4
Using identity,
⇒(x+x1)3=x3+x31+3(x+x1)⇒43=x3+x31+3×4⇒64=x3+x31+12⇒x3+x31=64−12=52.
Hence, x3+x31=52.
(ii) Given,
x+x1=4
Using identity,
⇒(x+x1)2−(x−x1)2=4⇒(4)2−(x−x1)2=4⇒16−(x−x1)2=4⇒(x−x1)2=16−4⇒(x−x1)2=12⇒(x−x1)=12⇒(x−x1)=±23.
Hence, (x−x1)=±23.
(iii) Given,
(x−x1)=±23
Case 1:
(x−x1)=23
We know that,
⇒(x3−x31)=(x−x1)3+3(x−x1)
Substituting values we get :
⇒(x3−x31)=(23)3+3(23)⇒(x3−x31)=(8×33)+(63)⇒(x3−x31)=(243)+(63)⇒(x3−x31)=303
Case 1:
(x−x1)=−23
We know that,
⇒(x3−x31)=(x−x1)3+3(x−x1)
Substituting values we get :
⇒(x3−x31)=(−23)3+3(−23)⇒(x3−x31)=(−8×33)+(−63)⇒(x3−x31)=(−243)−(63)⇒(x3−x31)=−303
Hence, (x3−x31)=±303.