History & Civics
The First War of Independence led to the growth of Nationalism in India. With reference to this, answer the following questions:
(i) Who was the founder of Congress? Mention any two organisations which were precursors to the Congress.
(ii) Mention any three objectives of the Congress.
(iii) Mention any two contributions each of:
(a) Jyotiba Phule
(b) Raja Ram Mohan Roy
Answer
(i) The Indian National Congress (INC) was founded by Allan Octavian Hume in 1885. Two organisations which were precursors to the Congress are:
- East India Association (1866)
- Indian Association (1876).
(ii) Three objectives of the Indian National Congress are:
- To promote friendly relations between nationalist political workers from different parts of the country.
- To develop and consolidate the feelings of national unity irrespective of caste, religion or province.
- To train and organise public opinion in the country.
(iii) (a) Two contributions of Jyotiba Phule are:
- Caste Abolition: Phule fought against the caste system and founded the Satya Shodhak Samaj in 1873 to uplift the lower castes and promote social equality.
- Education for Women and Lower Castes: He opened the first school for girls in Pune in 1848 and advocated for education among the oppressed.
(b) Two contributions of Raja Ram Mohan Roy are:
- Founder of Brahmo Samaj: Roy founded the Brahmo Samaj in 1828, promoting monotheism and social reform, challenging idol worship and caste discrimination.
- Abolition of Sati: He campaigned against the practice of Sati, leading to its prohibition by the British in 1829.
Related Questions
The High Courts and Subordinate Courts are part of the integrated judicial system. With reference to the statement, answer the following questions:
(i) Mention three cases which fall under the Original Jurisdiction of the High Court.
(ii) Who appoints the High Court Judges? Mention any two qualifications required for a person to be appointed as a High Court Judge.
(iii) (a) How do Lok Adalats help the Superior Courts?
(b) Name any three writs issued by the High Court.Read the excerpt given below and answer the questions that follow:
The Indian Rebellion of 1857, also known as the Indian Mutiny, the Sepoy Mutiny, or the First War of Indian Independence, was a widespread uprising against British rule in India that began in May 1857. The rebellion was sparked by the sepoys' mutiny in Meerut on May 10, 1857, and quickly spread to other parts of India. On May 10, 1857, Indian soldiers, known as sepoys, rebelled against their British officers in the town of Meerut, triggering a rebellion. The rebellion quickly spread to other parts of India with many Indian princes and soldiers joining the uprising.
— [Edited] TIMESOFINDIA.COM / May 10, 2023
(i) What was the immediate cause for the rebellion?
(ii) Mention any three political causes of the Revolt.
(iii) Mention any four changes made in the army after the Revolt.
Mahatma Gandhi launched three major movements in his fight against the British. With reference to the Gandhian Movements answer the following:
(i) Mention any three causes of the Non-cooperation Movement.
(ii) What were the causes of the Civil Disobedience Movement? Which march marked the beginning of this movement?
(iii) The Gandhi Irwin Pact was an attempt to end political tensions in India. Mention any four clauses of this Pact to justify this statement.
Look at the picture given below and answer the questions that follow:
(i) Which country was responsible for the bombing? Mention any two consequences of the World War associated with this incident.
(ii) Explain the Policy of Appeasement which led to the Second World War.
(iii) The unfair Treaty of Versailles led to the rise of dictatorship in Germany. Mention any four clauses of this treaty to support this statement.