Give balanced chemical equation for the following conversions :

(a) Ethanoic acid to ethyl ethanoate.

(b) Calcium carbide to ethyne

(c) Sodium ethanoate to methane.

(d) Ethyl chloride to ethyl alcohol

(e) Ethyl chloride to ethene

(f) Ethene to ethyl alcohol

(g) Ethyl alcohol to ethene

(a) Ethanoic acid to ethyl ethanoate. :

$\underset{\text{ethyl alcohol}}{\text{C}$2\text{H}5\text{OH}} + \underset{\text{acetic acid}}{\text{CH}3\text{COOH}} \xrightarrow{\text{Conc. H}2\text{SO}4} \underset{\text{ethyl ethanoate}}{\text{CH}3-\text{COO}-\text{C}2\text{H}5} + \text{H}_2\text{O}

(b) Ethyne is formed

$\underset{\text{calcium carbide}}{\text{CaC}$2} + \underset{\text{water}}{2\text{H}2\text{O}} \longrightarrow \underset{\text{ethyne [acetylene]}}{\text{C}2\text{H}2} + \text{Ca(OH)}_2

(c) Sodium ethanoate to methane

$\underset{\text{sodium acetate}}{\text{CH}$3\text{COONa}} + \underset{\text{sodalime}}{\text{NaOH}} \xrightarrow[\Delta]{\text{CaO}} \underset{\text{methane}}{\text{CH}4} + \text{Na}2\text{CO}3

(d) By boiling ethyl chloride with aqueous NaOH.

$\underset{\text{ Chloroethane [ethyl chloride]}}{\text{C}$2\text{H}5\text{-Cl}} + \text{NaOH [aq.]} \xrightarrow{\text{boil}} \underset{\text{ Ethanol [ethyl alcohol]}}{\text{C}2\text{H}5\text{OH}} + \text{NaCl}

(e) By boiling ethyl chloride with alcoholic KOH.

$\underset{\text{ Chloroethane [ethyl chloride]}}{\text{C}$2\text{H}5\text{-Cl}} + \underset{\text{ alcoholic KOH}}{\text{KOH [aq.]}} \xrightarrow{\text{boil}} \underset{\text{ Ethene [ethylene]} }{\text{C}2\text{H}4} + \text{KCl} +\text{H}_2\text{O}

(f) Ethene is absorbed in conc. sulphuric acid at 80 °C under 30 atmos. to give ethyl hydrogen sulphate, which on hydrolysis with steam gives ethanol.

$\underset{\text{ Ethene} }{\text{C}$2\text{H}4} + \underset{\text{conc.}}{\text{H}2\text{SO}4} \underset{30 \text{ atmos.}}{\xrightarrow{80 \degree \text{C}}} \underset{\text{ Ethyl hydrogen sulphate} }{\text{C}2\text{H}5\text{-HSO}_4}

$\underset{\text{ Ethyl hydrogen sulphate }}{\text{C}$2\text{H}5\text{-HSO}4} + \underset{\text{steam}}{\text{H}2\text{O}} \longrightarrow \underset{ \text{ Ethanol [ethyl alcohol]} }{\text{C}2\text{H}5\text{-OH}} + \text{H}2\text{SO}4

(g) By heating ethyl alcohol with concentrated H₂SO₄ at 170°C.

$\underset{\text{ ethyl alcohol}}{\text{C}$2\text{H}5\text{OH}} \xrightarrow[170\degree\text{C}]{\text{Conc. H}2\text{SO}4\text{[excess]}} \underset{ \text{ethene}}{\text{C}2\text{H}4} + \text{H}_2\text{O}\