Chemistry
Give a chemical test to distinguish between:
(a) dilute sulphuric acid and dilute hydrochloric acid (using lead nitrate solution).
(b) dilute sulphuric acid and concentrated sulphuric acid.
(c) Dilute sulphuric acid and dilute hydrochloric acid [using barium chloride solution]
Sulphuric Acid
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Answer
(a) When dil sulphuric acid is reacted with lead nitrate it produces a white ppt. of lead sulphate which remains insoluble even on heating.
Pb(NO3)2 + H2SO4 (dil) ⟶ 2HNO3 + PbSO4 ↓ [white ppt. formed]
When dil hydrochloric acid is reacted with lead nitrate, a white ppt. of lead chloride is formed which dissolves on heating.
Pb(NO3)2 + 2HCl ⟶ 2HNO3 + PbCl2 ↓ [white ppt. formed]
(b) Dilute sulphuric acid when reacted with zinc produces Hydrogen gas which burns with a pop sound.
Zn + H2SO4 [dil.] ⟶ ZnSO4 + H2 ↑
Concentrated sulphuric acid when reacted with zinc produces SO2 gas which turns acidified potassium dichromate paper green.
Zn + 2H2SO4 [conc.] ⟶ ZnSO4 + 2H2O + SO2 ↑
(c) Barium chloride soln. reacts with dilute sulphuric acid to give a white ppt. of barium sulphate (BaSO4) but with dilute hydrochloric acid no white ppt. is produced since barium chloride is soluble in dil. sulphuric acid.
H2SO4 (dil.) + BaCl2 (aq.) ⟶ 2HCl + BaSO4 ↓ [white ppt. formed]
HCl (dil.) + BaCl2 (aq.) ⟶ No reaction
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Dilute and concentrated sulphuric acid can be distinguished by using metals copper and zinc. Explain by giving balanced equations.
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(b) Oxidising agent
(c) Dehydrating Nature
(d) Non-volatile nature
State the conditions required for the conversion of sulphur dioxide to sulphur trioxide to take place:
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Give equations for the reactions by which you could obtain:
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