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Chemistry

Give one difference between the following.

(i) Ionisation and electrolytic dissociation.

(ii) Ionisation potential and electron affinity.

(iii) Polar and non-polar molecule.

(iv) Normal salt and acidic salt.

(v) Saturated hydrocarbons and unsaturated hydrocarbons.

Periodic Table

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Answer

(i) Difference between ionisation and electrolytic dissociation:

IonisationElectrolytic dissociation
Formation of positively or negatively charged ions from molecules which are not initially in the ionic state.Separation of ions which are already present in an ionic compound
Polar covalent compounds show ionization e.g., HCl, H2CO3, NH4OH etc.,
HCl→H2OH++Cl−\text{HCl} \xrightarrow{\text{H}_2\text{O}} \text{H}^{+} + \text{Cl}^{-}
-16.7 32-27.7 63.7-33 95 0 1.3-.2 2.7-.5 4-.3 1.3-.5 2.3-.5 3 0 7.3 6.7 11 20
11 8 0 13.2-.8 15.5-2.5 2.3-1.7 4.2-5.5 5.5-11.5 2-13.3 5.7-27 11-41 14.7-44.7
39-84.5 73-119.5s73.7-60.2 119-75.5c6-2 9-5.7 9-11s-3-9-9-11c-45.3-15.3-85
-40.5-119-75.5s-58.3-74.8-73-119.5c-4.7-14-8.3-27.3-11-40-1.3-6.7-3.2-10.8-5.5
-12.5-2.3-1.7-7.5-2.5-15.5-2.5-14 0-21 3.7-21 11 0 2 2 10.3 6 25 20.7 83.3 67
151.7 139 205zm0 0v40h399900v-40z'/>​H++Cl−Electrovalent compounds show dissociation e.g., potassium chloride, lead bromide, etc.
KCl ⟶ K+ + Cl-

(ii) Difference between ionisation potential and electron affinity :

Ionisation potentialElectron affinity
Ionization Potential is the amount of energy required to remove an electron from the outer most shell of an isolated gaseous atom.Electron affinity is the amount of energy released when an atom in the gaseous state accepts an electron to form an anion.
It is endothermic reaction.It is an exothermic reaction.

(iii) Difference between polar and non-polar molecule :

Polar moleculeNon-polar molecule
In a polar molecule, shared pair of electrons are unequally distributed between the two atoms.In a non-polar molecule, shared pair of electrons are equally distributed between the two atoms.
In polar molecule, the atom which attracts electrons more strongly develops a slight negative charge while the other develops a slight positive charge.The non-polar molecule is symmetrical and electrically neutral.

(iv) Difference between normal salt and acidic salt :

Normal saltAcidic salt
The salt formed by complete replacement of the replaceable hydrogen ion of an acid molecule by a basic radical [metallic or ammonium ion]The salt formed by partial replacement of the replaceable hydrogen ion of an acid molecule by a basic radical [metallic or ammonium ion].
For example,
2NaOH + H2SO4 ⟶ Na2SO4 + 2H2O
2NaOH + H2SO3 ⟶ Na2SO3 + 2H2O
[Both H ions in sulphuric and sulphurous acid are replaced by metallic radical — sodium. ]		For example,
NaOH + H2SO4 ⟶ NaHSO4 + H2O
NaOH + H2SO3 ⟶ NaHSO3 + H2O
[Only one H ion in sulphuric and sulphurous acid is replaced by metallic radical — sodium. ]

(v) Difference between saturated hydrocarbons and unsaturated hydrocarbons :

Saturated HydrocarbonsUnsaturated Hydrocarbons
All the four valencies of each carbon atom are satisfied by forming single covalent bonds with carbon and with hydrogen atoms.The valencies of at least two carbon atoms are not fully satisfied by the hydrogen atoms.
They are less reactive due to the non-availability of electrons in the single covalent bonds, and therefore they undergo substitution reaction.They are more reactive due to the presence of electrons in the double or the triple bond, and therefore undergo addition reaction.

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