History & Civics
The High Courts and Subordinate Courts are part of the integrated judicial system. With reference to the statement, answer the following questions:
(i) Mention three cases which fall under the Original Jurisdiction of the High Court.
(ii) Who appoints the High Court Judges? Mention any two qualifications required for a person to be appointed as a High Court Judge.
(iii) (a) How do Lok Adalats help the Superior Courts?
(b) Name any three writs issued by the High Court.
High Courts
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Answer
(i) High Courts have original jurisdiction, that is, the power to hear and decide cases at the first instance. It has original jurisdiction in the following cases:
- Matters relating to State revenue and its collection.
- Cases regarding wills, divorce, marriage, company law and contempt of court may be referred or brought before the High Court directly.
- To interpret the Constitution.
(ii) The President appoints the High Court Judges in consultation with the Chief Justice of India, the Governor of the State and the Chief Justice of the High Court.
According to the Constitution, a person shall be qualified for appointment as a Judge of a High Court under the following conditions:
- He should be a citizen of India.
- He should not be over 62 years.
- He has held a judicial office in the territory of India for at least ten years or he has been an advocate of a High Court for at least ten years.
(iii) (a) The Lok Adalats reduce the workload of other courts enabling them to deal with more serious matters. This reduces delays in higher courts. They provide fast and inexpensive justice and helps in reducing the huge backlog of the higher courts.
(b) Three writs issued by the High Court are:
- Habeas Corpus
- Mandamus
- Prohibition.
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