Geography
The IMD collates rainfall between June and September as SW monsoon. Answer the following question.
There have been regional imbalances in the rainfall received with several states having deficits: Manipur (-30%), Bihar (-26%), Punjab (-23%), and Himachal Pradesh (-21%). While the surplus is beneficial for India's overall water availability and agricultural output, states experiencing deficits may continue to face difficulties. With the help of an example explain what difficulties would these states face.
Climate
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Answer
Regions experiencing a rainfall deficit face severe geographical challenges due to reduced water availability, agricultural distress, and ecological imbalances.
Example: Bihar (-26% Rainfall Deficit)
Impact on Agriculture: Bihar relies heavily on the Southwest Monsoon for its kharif crop cultivation, particularly paddy (rice). A 26% deficit means lower soil moisture, affecting sowing, crop growth, and yields.
Reduced Groundwater Recharge: Lower monsoon rainfall leads to less infiltration into aquifers, worsening water scarcity in districts dependent on wells and tubewells for irrigation.
Drought-Like Conditions: Parts of south and central Bihar, which already receive less rainfall compared to the flood-prone north, may experience drought-like conditions, impacting food security.
Thus, states facing monsoon deficits experience agricultural setbacks, water shortages, and ecological imbalances, requiring efficient water management strategies to mitigate long-term impacts.
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