Study the picture on the right. Briefly explain what could be the cause of this calamity and what could be done to bring relief.

The image depicts urban flooding, where a man is navigating a waterlogged road.

Causes of the Calamity:

1. Heavy Rainfall Due to Monsoon: Intense rainfall, especially during the Southwest Monsoon (June-September), can overwhelm drainage systems, leading to water stagnation on roads.
2. Poor Drainage and Urbanization: Encroachment of natural drainage channels, excessive concretization, and lack of proper stormwater drainage result in inefficient water runoff.
3. Low-Lying Area and Poor City Planning: Some cities are located in low-lying flood-prone areas, where water accumulates easily, causing flooding.
4. Clogging of Drains: Accumulation of garbage and plastic waste in drains prevents water from flowing, worsening waterlogging conditions.

Measures to Bring Relief:

1. Improving Drainage Systems: Cleaning and maintaining storm water drains to ensure smooth water flow and constructing underground drainage systems in flood-prone urban areas.
2. Sustainable Urban Planning: Developing permeable surfaces like parks and green belts to allow water absorption, and preventing illegal construction that blocks drainage pathways.
3. Early Warning Systems: Implementing weather forecasting and flood alert systems to prepare in advance.
4. Public Awareness and Waste Management: Educating citizens about responsible waste disposal to prevent drain blockages.

By addressing urban planning, waste management, and drainage efficiency, cities can reduce flooding and minimize disruptions caused by heavy rainfall.